A GUIDE 






ANNAPOLIS 

AND THE 

NAVAL ACADEMY 



BY 



William O. Stevens 

Professor of English, U. S. Naval Academy 

Carroll S. Alden 

Instructor in English, U. S. Naval Academy 



ANNAPOLIS, MD 

1910 




Hr ^ 



Fold-out 
aceholder 



)eing digitized, and will be inserted at 
future date. 






Copyright, 1910, by 
WILLIAM O. STEVENS 



Baltimore, Md., U. S A. 



(0:CI.A265322 



INDEX 



Academic Group, 50 

Acton, Richard. 9 

Adams (John) and Charles 
Carroll, 11 

Administration Building. 24 

Albemarle, 56, 59 

Annapolis, in early days, 3 ; 
clubs, 3 ; State buildings. 4-8 ; 
visited by Washington, 5, 11 ; 
treaty with Great Britain 
ratified, 5 ; Annapolis Con- 
vention of 1786, 8 ; first tract 
surveyed, 9 ; colonial homes, 
9-19; resistance to Stamp 
Act, 11; Naval Academy es- 
tablished, 20 

Armory. 30-34 

Assembly Rooms. 10 

Athletic Field, 55 

Ball Room, 10 

Bancroft, George, 20 

Bancroft Hall, 35-39 

Brice, Col. James, 12 ; house, 
12 

Buchanan, Commander Frank- 
lin, 52 

Caldwell, Lieut.. 54 

Carriages, 2 

Carroll of Carrollton. 4. 11, 19 

Carvel Hall. 13 

Chapel, 26-29 

Chase, Jeremiah Townley. 15 ; 
Samuel, 4, 15 

Chase Home, 15 

Chinese Guns, 31 

Churchill, Winston, 10, 14 

Clemson, Midn., 49 

Colonial Houses, in the i8th 
century, 3 ; Acton, 9 ; Rey- 
nold's Tavern, 9; Scott 
House, 10; Ridout House, 
10; Charles Carroll House, 
11; Aunt Lucy Smith's Bake 
Shop, 12 ; Brice House, 12 ; 
Paca House (Carvel Hall), 
13 ; Jennings House, 15 ; 



Dorsey House, 15 ; Harwood 
House, 15 ; Chase Home, 15 ; 
Ogle House, 16 ; McDowell 
Hall, 17; Randall House, 18: 
Peggy Stewart House, 18 

Confiance, 57 

Constitution, 44, 45, 57 

Cooper, Capt. P. H., 21 

Cortez Gun, 32 

Court of Appeals Building, 8 

Gushing, Commander W. B.. 

59 
Cyane, ^y 

Decatur, Lieut. James, 54 ; 

Commodore Stephen, t^t,, 42. 

43. 54, 56 
De Kalb, Baron. 7 
De Long, Lieut. -Commander, 

Don Antonio d'Ulloa, 41 
Dorsev, Major Edward, 15 : 

Mrs'. Henrietta, 8; Midn. 

John S, 54 
Drills, 24 
Dupont, Rear-Admiral, 2)7 

Emergency Hospital, 9 
Executive Chamber, 7 

Filipino Guns, 32 
Flagg, Ernest, 21 
Flags of Maryland, 6 
Flusser, Lieut. -Commander 
Chas. W., 60 

Garthorne, Francis, 8 

Governor's Mansion, 8 

Guns, Chinese, 31: Civil War, 
56 ; Cortez, 32 ; Filipino, 32 ; 
International, 2i'2' ', Mexican 
War, 25, 26, 36, 50, 51; Ore- 
gon, 56; Originario, 30; 
Spanish-American War, 25, 
29; War of 1812, 56 

Hammond, Gen. John, 8 ; 

Philip, 9; William, 15 
Hartford, 47 



IV 



INDEX 



Harwood House, 15 

Herndon, Commander W. L., 

43, 49; Monument, 49 
Flotcls, 2 
Huron, 60 
Hynson, Midn., 49 

International Gun, 32 
Israel, Midn., 54 

Japanese Bell, 34 
Jeannette Monument, 58 
Jennings, Juliana, 12; Thomas, 

12, 15 
Johnson, Reverdy, 18 
Jones, Capt. Paul, 29, y^ 

King William's School, 16 

Lafayette, 6, 18 
Library, 50, 52, 53 
Liberty Tree, 18 
Lloyd, Governor, 15 
Lockwood, Lieut., 59 
Love Lane, 48 

McDowell Hall, 17 

Macedonian, 2>2>' 43. 56 

Maria Teresa, 29 

Market Space, 12 

Mason, T. B. M., 29 

Memorial Hall, 38 

Mexican War Monument, 49 

Naval Academy, history, 20 ; 

present organization, 22 
Naval Cemetery, 58 
Naval Hospital, 61 
Nicholson, Governor, 15, 16 

Officers' Mess, 24 
Ogle, Governor, 10, 16 
Olympia, 48 
Originario, 30 

Paca, William, 4, 13 
Peale, Chas. W., 6 
Peggy Stewart, 6, 19 
Peggy Stewart House, 18 
Pillsbury, Midn., 49 
Porter, Commodore David, 2)1 ; 
Admiral David D., 21, 28, 52 
Post Office, 8 
Powhatan, 42 



Preble, Commodore, 37 
Preston, Lieut., 59 

Races, Colonial. 10 
Railway Stations, 2 
Randall House, 18 
Reina Mercedes, 30, 31, 32 
Reynold's Tavern, 9 
Richard Carvel, 10, 14 
Ridout, John, 10 
Rochambeau, 17 

Saginaw, 40 

St. Anne's Church, 8 

St. John's College, 16 

Sampson, Rear-Admiral, 29, 53 

Santee, 46 

Schley, Rear-Admiral, 9 

Scott House, 10 

Seamanship Building, 39-46 

Senate Chamber, 5 

Severn, Fort, 20, 22, 38 

Sharpe, Governor, 10, 16 

Sliubrick, Midn., 50 

Smith's (Aunt Lucy) Bake 

Shop, 12 
Somers, Lieut., 54 
State House, 4-7 
State Library, S 
State Treasury Building, 7 
Steam Engineering Building, 

54 
Stewart, Anthony, 19 ; Capt. 

Charles, 57 
Stone, Thomas, 4 
Superintendent's Quarters, 29 

Taney, Roger B., 7 

Tecumseh, 44 

Thompson, Col. R. M., 21, 26, 

V. 52 

Tilghman, Col., 6 
Tripoli Monument, 53, 54 

Ville de Paris, 43 
Vizcaya, 25, 32 

Wadsworth, Midn., 54 
Wainwright, Rear-Admiral, 53 
Washington, 5, 6, 8, 11 
William HI, 8, 16 
Worden, Commodore J. L., 52 



PRELIMINARY NOTE 

While this Httle book will probably be valued most 
bv those who have opportunity to make a leisurely 
study of the town and the Academy, it has also been 
designed for the many visitors who, with only a day 
at their disposal, wish to obtain a rapid and compre- 
hensive view of the whole. For the latter a definite 
plan is an essential. Accordingly, the following dis- 
tril:)ution of time in seeing the town is recommended : 

Minutes 

State buildings 45 

St. Anne's Church lo 

Walking to Acton, thence to the Carroll house. 

thence via Market to Carvel Hall 45 

Carvel Hall 15 

Chase Home 20 

St. John's College grounds, Peggy Stewart house. . 15 

The visitor will thus spend two hours and a half in 
the city, and should allow quite as much time for the 
Academy. The grounds of the Academy are open to 
the public practically at all times. On Sundays and 
holidays, however, most of the buildings are closed. 
Hours when they can be seen are mentioned in the 
description of the individual buildings ; in general, 
from 8 to 12 and i to 5. Special tastes and interests 
will govern many in what they give most attention to, 
and if there is a drill in progress on the Athletic Field, 
no one should pass it by. The following distribution 
of time, including what is consumed in walking from 



2 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

building to building, is suggested for the visitor seek- 
ing a general view of the Academy : 

Minutes 

Chapel 10 

Armory 15 

Bancroft Hall 20 

Seamanship Building 30 

U. S. S. Hartford 15 

Academic Group 20 

Steam Engineering Building 25 

Athletic Field 15 

RAILWAY STATIONS, HOTELS, AND CARRIAGES 

Railways, (i) Annapolis Short Line: electric cars direct 
to Camden Station, B. & O. R. R., Baltimore (45 min.) ; sta- 
tion (C) — the letter indicates position on the diagram — at the 
foot of Bladen Street. (2) Washington, Baltimore, and An- 
napolis Raihvay: electric cars direct to Terminal Station, 
Park Avenue and Liberty Street, Baltimore (60 min.) ; pas- 
sengers for Washington commonly have to change at Academy 
Junction; at times, however, through cars are run (from An- 
napolis to New York Avenue and 15th Street, N. W., Wash- 
ington, I hr. 30 min.). The station (E) is on West Street, but 
cars can be boarded at the rear of Carvel Hall, or at any 
corner on King George Street or College Avenue. 

Hotels. Carvel Hall (R) on Prince George Street. Hotel 
Maryland (G), Main and Duke of Gloucester Streets. 

Carriages. Hacks are frequently to be found waiting at the 
stations ; they can always be secured by telephoning to the 
livery stable of R. G. Chaney, 159 West Street, or of T. S. 
Dove, 89 West Street. Fare until 8 p. m. to any point in the 
town or Academy, $.25; by the hour, $2 for the first, $1 for 
each succeeding hour. Automobiles are also to be hired at 
Chaney's Livery; $3 for the first hour, $2 for each succeeding 
hour. 



ANNAPOLIS IN THE i8tH CENTURY 



ANNAPOLIS 

In 1694, nearly a half century after the first settle- 
ment in the vicinity, Annapolis was made the capital of 
Maryland. The population was small, but the place 
quickly assumed great importance, since it was for 
some years the only town in ^Maryland. Nearly all the 
people of the colony lived on large plantations, but the 
wealthy owners would resort to the town for the 
dances and assemblies ; some also built substantial 
brick houses here, and indulged in extravagant hospi- 
tality. 

" One who knew it well [about 1750I said that there was not 
a town in England of the same size that could boast of so 
many fashionable and handsome women. The phantom pleas- 
ure was pursued with avidity; the races lasted four days, there 
were numerous dancing assemblies, the theatre was encouraged 
more than anywhere else in America, and there were sixteen 
clubs. . . . One was called the Hominy Club, and another the 
Drumstick. The Tuesday Club had among its members promi- 
nent men from other colonies, and all these clubs were devoted 
to stimulating the social life." Fisher, Men, Women, and 
Manners in Colonial Times. 

By 1770 Baltimore, though much younger, had far out- 
stripped Annapolis in size. As Baron Von Closen, the aide- 
de-camp of Rochambeau, writes on his visit in 1782, " For 
some years all the commerce has gone to Baltimore ; however, 
the richest men of the State have preferred Annapolis, which 
brings there a charming society." Another French writer 
who also saw Annapolis during the Revolution observes, ** In 
that inconsiderable town, ... of the few buildings it contains, 
at least three-fourths may be styled elegant and grand. Female 
luxury here exceeds what is known in the provinces of France. 



4 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

A French hair dresser is a man of importance amongst them ; 
and it is said a certain dame here hires one of that craft at 
one thousand crowns a year." 

During the quarter century preceding the Revoki- 
tion, Annapolis reached the height of her glory, and 
held a place among the foremost cities of the Colonies. 
She has long since lost this prominence, but never her 
dignity. In her quiet mellow atmosphere, the cit)' 
might even be compared with the venerable cathedral 
towns of southern England. 

The past glory of Annapolis is her present glory, 
and the State House and colonial homes are what, 
aside from the Naval Academy, will prove of most 
attraction to sightseers. The State House, because of 
its nearness to both railroads, makes a convenient 
starting-point — visitors entering town by the Wash- 
ington, Baltimore, and Annapolis Railway should leave 
the car at Chancery Lane, near the Hotel Maryland, 
one block from the State buildings. 

The State House was built in 1772-4, but the impos- 
ing- dome was not added until after the Revolution. 
It fronts the southeast, and the best view is to be had 
from Francis Street. The large addition to the north- 
west, containing the present Senate and House of 
Delegates, is recent (1902-1905). Beginning with the 
old part of the State House, the visitor will notice in 
the hallway the portraits of the signers of the Decla- 
ration of Independence, Samuel Chase and Thomas 
Stone to the left, Charles Carroll and William Paca 
to the right — all but the second were residents of An- 
napolis. The interior of the dome, tastefully orna- 
mented in the best colonial style, deserves careful 
attention. 



THE STATE HOUSE 5 

" The architect of this building was a Mr. Joseph Clarke. 
Mr. Thomas Dance, who executed the stucco and fresco work 
on the interior of the dome, fell from the scaffold just as he 
had finished the center piece, and was killed." Ridgely, Annals 
of Annapolis. 

The first door to the right, as one enters from the 
front, opens into the old Senate Chamber. Here, at 




STATE HOUSE 



the conclusion of the Revolution, the Continental Con- 
gress was holding its sessions ; thus in this room the 
treaty with Great Britain was ratified in 1784, and 
here on the 23d of December preceding, Washington 
resigned his commission. 

The coming of Washington to the city was the occasion of a 
great celebration. Cannon were tired as he entered the town. 
A public dinner was given l)y Congress in the ball room, where 



6 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

20O people of distinction were present. At night the State 
House was illuminated, and an elaborate ball was given by the 
General Assembly. The scene of Washington's resigning his 
commission was of great solemnity. Mr. Green, editor of the 
Maryland Ga:::ctfc, wrote, "Here we must let fall the scene — 
few tragedies ever drew more tears from so many beautiful 
eyes, as were affected by the moving manner in which his 
Excellency took his final leave of Congress." 

Above the mantel is the painting, by Charles Wilson 
Peale, a contemporary, of "Washington at Yorktown " 
(Washington is attended by his aides, General Lafay- 
ette and Colonel Tilghman of Maryland). This his- 
toric chamber, unfortunately remodeled in 1876, was 
restored in 1905 to its original colonial character. In 
the antechamber is a painting by Mayer, showing 
"The Burning of the Peggy Stewart" (see p. 19). 

Across the hall from the Senate is the old House of 
Delegates, in which is a permanent mineralogical ex- 
hibition of Maryland. In the anteroom are gathered 
old battle-flags carried by Maryland regiments chiefly 
during the Civil War. In the case opposite the door, 
is the flag carried by the 3d Maryland Infantry in 
1777, and flown later in the battle of Cowpens (1781) 
and of North Point (1814). 

The new House of Delegates (on the same side of 
the hall as the old) should next be visited, and across 
the hall the new Senate Chamber. The legislature of 
Maryland meets for 90 days, January to March, every 
second year, 1910, 1912, etc. 

Mounting the stairway near the Senate, one sees at 
the head of the first flight a large painting by Edwin 
White (1859) of W^ashington resigning his commis- 
sion (key to the various historic personages in the 
picture at the head of the stairs). On the second floor, 



STATE TREASURY BUILDING 7 

above the old Senate, is the Executive Chamber, where 
are portraits of Proprietors and Governors of Mary- 
land. 

The statue in front of the State House represents 
Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice of the United States 
Supreme Court from 1836 to 1864. He was born only 
a few miles south of the Anne Arundel line, and is the 
most distinguished of Marylanders who have ever 
entered the profession of law. As Hon. S. T. Wallis 
remarked on unveiling the statue, " The artist has 
chosen to present us his illustrious subject in his robes 
of office as we saw him when he sat in judgment ; the 
weight of years that bent the venerable form has not 
been lightened, and the lines of care, and suffering, 
and thought, are as life traced them." 

The bronze statue on the western terrace is that of 
Baron de Kalb, who proved himself a noble friend to 
the patriot cause, and who lost his life in the battle of 
Camden, S. C, August 16, 1780. The sculptor has 
represented him in the supreme moment when he was 
rallymg the troops of Maryland and Delaware, and 
leading them on against superior numbers — the heroic 
act in which he met death. 

The State Treasury Building (A), a hundred feet 
to the east of the Capitol, though extremely modest in 
appearance, is worth a brief visit. This was built in 
1695, the year after it was decided to move the capital 
of the Colony, which had been at St. Mary's, to Anne 
Arundel Town, or Annapolis. It is now occupied by 
the State Department of Education. Observe the un- 
usually thick walls, also one of the original doors in- 
side, with its huge wrought-iron hinges and large 
wooden lock bound with iron. In this building, it is 



8 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

said, sat the Annapolis Convention of 1786, which led 
directly to the Convention that met in Philadelphia the 
following year and drafted the Constitution. 

The Court of Appeals Building (B), which is to 
the north of the State House and across the street, 
contains on the second floor the State Librarv and the 
court room ; the latter is superbly done in mahogany 
and is greatly admired. The grand stairway has 
beauty and dignity. 

Leaving the Court of Appeals Building by the door 
towards the State House, and turning to the right, the 
visitor crosses the street, and then passes a large red 
brick building with a mansard roof, the Governor's 
Mansion (D). Beyond the Governor's Mansion and 
to the right on Colleg-e Avenue, is the Post Office, of 
colonial type but modern. Directly ahead is St. Anne's 
Church. 

St. Anne's Church, the third church of this name, 
was built in 1859. ^^ its yard are several old tomb- 
stones, the earliest of which are those to Henry 
Ridgely and to Nicholas Gassaway, 1699, the year 
when the first church on this site was completed. 
Inside the church, near the middle of the south aisle, 
is a beautiful stained glass window by Tiffany, which 
has for its subject Saint Anne teaching the Blessed 
Virgin. 

On request, the sexton will show the ancient silver com- 
munion service and alms basin, made by Francis Garthorne, a 
well-known court silversmith of London, and presented by 
King William III in 1695 ; also a folio Bible, 'presented in 1707 
by General John Hammond, commander of Her Majesty's 
forces ; and a finely bound Bible and Prayer Book, given by 
Mrs. Henrietta Dorsey in 1762. The sexton should be given 
a small fee. 



COLONIAL HOUSES 9 

On leaving- St. Anne's by the main entrance, one 
may notice, almost opposite, on the corner of Frank- 
lin Street, a house connected with the Farmers' Na- 
tional Bank, the cashier's residence. This, in colonial 
days, was Reynold's Tavern, and it was built probably 
about 1735. Walking up Franklin Street, one passes 
on the right Admiral Schley's former residence (No. 
44), which descended to ?\trs. Schley from her father, 




ACTON 



Mr. Franklin. The large building to the left is the 
Emergency Hospital. Continuing on Franklin Street, 
one soon sees, sloping to Spa Creek, the extensive 
grounds of Acton. This is the only one of the colo- 
nial residences in Annapolis that has retained its 
proper setting. The tract was the first surveyed 
within the limits of Annapolis, and was granted to 
Richard Acton in 1651. The present house was built 
by Philip Hammond, a wealthy Annapolis merchant, 
who died in 1760. 



lO ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

Returning to Church Circle, and going southeast 
on Duke of Gloucester Street, the visitor passes on the 
left the Assembly Rooms (H), a brick building with a 
modern front, part of which is occupied by the fire 
company. This was the ancient Ball Room, built in 
1764 from the proceeds of a lottery drawn for that 
especial purpose ; Washington danced here while at- 
tending the horse races in Annapolis. 

The races were the cause of great gatherings from Mary- 
land and the adjoining colonies. "Considerable sums were bet 
on these occasions. Subscription purses of a hundred guineas 
were for a long time the highest amount run for, but subse- 
quently were greatly increased. The day of the races usually 
closed with balls, or theatrical amusements." Quoted by 
Ridgely. 

Just before reaching the parochial school, one block 
farther on the opposite side of the street, one may 
catch a good view of the Scott House on Shipwright 
Street (L), a stately colonial mansion, now owned by 
the Sisters of Notre Dame. This house has a special 
interest as a possible original of the Carvel Hall that 
Winston Churchill has described in his novel Richard 
Carvel. In location it would seem almost exactly to 
correspond, but Churchill denies having any particular 
house in mind and admits that he drew freely on his 
imagination. (For the original of the Dorothy Man- 
ners house, see p. 14). 

Nearly opposite the parochial school is the Ridout 
residence, No. 60 (I), built by John Ridout, secre- 
tary to Horatio Sharpe, Proprietary Governor of 
Maryland, 1753- 1769. John Ridout married Mary, 
the daughter of Governor Samuel Ogle, and in his 
later years built for his three children, Horatio and 



CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON II 

Samuel Ridoiit and Mrs. Gibson, the three brick 
houses just beyond his own, Nos. 114. 112, no (J). 
One comes next to St. Mary's Church (1858), and 
to the south of the church, and seen best from Spa 
Creek brido^e, the house of Charles Carroll of Car- 
rollton, built, it is thought, about 1740. The beautiful 
old garden is worth noticing, as is also the view up 
Spa Creek. 

Charles Carroll was born in Annapolis in 1737. His father 
inherited a vast estate of 60,000 acres, which was the begin- 
ning of the son's large fortune. Thus Charles Carroll was 
hazarding much when he took the lead in resisting British 
tyranny expressed in the Stamp Act and other obnoxious laws. 
Because of his spirit, education, and wealth, he was sent to the 
First Continental Congress ; here John Adams met him, as he 
records in his diary, September 14, 1774 : " Mr. Chase intro- 
duced to us a Mr. Carroll of Annapolis, a very sensible gentle- 
man, a Roman Catholic, and of the first fortune in America. 
His income is ten thousand pounds sterling a 3'ear now, will be 
fourteen in two or three years, they say; besides, his father 
has a vast estate which will be his after his father." Two 
years later, as he signed the Declaration of Independence, a 
bystander sententiously remarked, " There go a few cool 
millions." 

Previous to the Revolution, Washington had made his ac- 
quaintance, for we find the entry in Washington's diary for 
September 27, 1771 : " Dined at Mr. Carroll's and went to the 
ball." 

Though Charles Carroll was in 1776 the wealthiest man in 
the thirteen States, his house seems to have been of great 
simplicity, and shows little of the elaborate decorations that 
characterize the other colonial mansions. In an upper story 
is a room that was used as a chapel, and the family had a 
resident priest. From 1689 to the American Revolution, re- 
ligious toleration in Maryland was unknown. And though 
Catholics were the people who originally founded the colony, 
they were disfranchised and forbidden to erect a church or 
other public place of worship. In 1852, Charles Carroll's 



12 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

granddaughters donated the house and grounds to the Re- 
demptorist Order of the Roman Catholic Qiurch, and it is 
now used as a home for the young priests taking further study 
after the completion of their theological course. 

Returning on Duke of Gloucester Street to Green 
Street, and then turning to the right, one soon comes 
to Market Space. Here, in 1728, near the dock, a 
market was built, and is still held by the corporate 
authority of the city. Regularly on Saturdays it is a 
scene of great animation. The fish market consists of 
booths to the right, over the water. 

The narrow streets to the northwest suggest the wisdom of 
an ancient by-law of the city, made early in the i8th century : 
" Any Person residing within this City or the Precincts thereof 
who shall by galloping or otherwise force any Horse, Mare, or 
Gelding through any of the Streets, Lanes, or Alleys of this 
City, or carry any Fire uncovered through the same, shall if a 
Freeman forfeit and pay for every such Offence the Sum of 
Ten Shillings Sterling to the Use of this Corporation." 

Following the car track one short block beyond 
Market Space, and then turning to the left on Prince 
George Street, one passes on the right Aunt Lucy 
Smith's Bake Shop, No. 160 (O). Here a famous 
old colored cook lived and made cakes and confections 
for the dames of the first families. 

Just beyond, at the corner of Prince George and 
East Streets, is the Brice House (P), with vines 
picturesquely covering the wing to the west. The 
window above the main door has been much admired. 
The house is thought to have been built in 1740 or 
earlier, and according to tradition was a princely wed- 
ding present given by Thomas Jennings, a lawyer, to 
his daughter Juliana, when she was married to Colonel 
James Brice. 



CARVEL HALL 1 3 

The name of James Brice is frequently mentioned in the 
city records of 1776 as the head of a committee to fortify the 
cit3% for which purpose the convention of Maryland appro- 
priated £5,900. He was ma3'or of Annapolis, 1782-3 and 1788-9. 
Mrs. Brice won her own place in the hall of fame by a certain 
kind of cake she entertained her guests with, called " Naples 
biscuit," the receipt for which has come down to this genera- 
tion. Many of the Marshland families were connected with 
famous old English families. The grandfather of ^Irs. Juliana 




PRICE HOUSE 

Jennings Brice was cousin of Sarah Jennings, the Duchess of 
Marlborough and the favorite of Queen Anne. 

A half block farther on Prince George Street is 
Carvel Hall (R), built in 1763 by William Paca, one 
of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and 
Governor of Maryland, 1782-5. This was a few years 
ago made into a hotel, but fortunately, although a 
large addition was built on the rear, .the beautiful 
colonial character of the front was preserved. The 
mantel and the old decorations in the small parlor im- 



14 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

mediately to the left of the entrance are deserving of 
notice. 

This house, some years Ijefore it was made into a hotel, had 
as a guest Winston Churchill (who was midshipman in the 
Naval Academy from 1890 to 1894. but resigned from the 
service on graduation). j\Ir. Churchill, in his romance Richard 
Carvel, gives a vivid picture of colonial Annapolis ; and the 
venerable house in which he boarded before writing the book, 




P' 



CARVEL HALL 

he took as the original of Dorothy Manners' home. In the 
rear of the Paca house, as the older residents of Annapolis 
still can recall, there was a large and beautiful garden, en- 
closed by a wall, which on the northeast followed King George 
Street. Several natural springs rising here formed a stream 
of some size, which was crossed by a rustic bridge. Three 
broad terraces, a small meadow, and large weeping willows 
added to the charm. The garden is said to have 1)een a para- 
dise of flowers. 

The small house (S) diagonally opposite Carvel 
Hall, and somewhat back from the street (No. 195), 



COLONIAL HOUSES 15 

was the home of Thomas Jennings, who built the 
Brice House. A few doors beyond. No. 211 (T), is 
one of the very oldest houses in Anuapolis, though the 
addition to the left is comparatively recent. When 
Annapolis became the capital of ^Maryland, 1694-5, 
this house, then owned by Major Edward Dorsey, 
served as the first governor's mansion, and was occu- 
pied by Governor Francis Nicholson. Here the pro- 
vincial legislature met in 1695, and again in 1704 
after the State House had been struck by lightning 
and partly burned. 

Turning to the right on Maryland Avenue, one 
comes at the corner of King George Street to two 
superb colonial mansions. The Harwood House (U), 
to the right, has a doorway of exceptional beauty. The 
house was built about 1770 by William Hammond, a 
lawyer, but was never occupied by him. 

When he had gone to Philadelphia to purchase furniture for 
his home, she who was to have been the home-maker broke the 
engagement. ]Mr. Hammond seems never to have recovered 
from his disappointment, for he remained a bachelor. A few 
years later the house and grounds, which originally extended 
from King George to Prince George Street, were purchased by 
Jeremiah Townley Chase. Chief Justice of Maryland; it is 
still in possession of this family, and is now owned by Miss 
Hester Harwood, a great granddaughter of Judge Chase. 

The stately Chase Home (V), built a few years 
previous to the Harwood House, on the opposite side 
of the street, is the only colonial house in Annapolis 
three stories high. It is said to have been begun by 
Samuel Chase, one of the signers of the Declaration 
of Independence, and to have been finished by Gov- 
ernor Lloyd. This, since 1897, has been used as a 
home for " Aged, infirm, and destitute women." By 
the courtesy of those who have charge of the home, 



l6 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

its beautiful interior, which has perhaps not a rival 
in all the State, may be seen on application. Visitors 
should not fail to leave a small contribution in the box 
to be found in the hall. 

To the left of the entrance is the drawing room, which, with 
its old-time mirrors, solid silver , latches, and marble mantel 
from Italy, vividly suggests the splendor of past days. The 
dining room, on the opposite side, has some elaborate wood 
carvings and another interesting mantel. The finest feature 
of the house, however, is the spacious hall which goes from 
front to back, a distance of over forty-five feet, and which is 
over fourteen feet wide. " The stairway, opposite the front 
door, begins with a single flight of steps, and, rising to nearly 
half the height of the stairway, ends with a platform from 
which a flight of steps on each side diverges, ascending to a 
gallery which is supported by Ionic pillars. Above the first 
platform of the staircase rises a triple window, the central of 
which is arched, and the whole is of magnificent proportions, 
reminding one of some ancient church." Quoted by Riley in 
The Ancient City. The sword, punch bowl, and clock of 
Governor Sharpe (Proprietary Governor of Maryland, 1753- 
1769), and several pieces of fine old china are among the 
smaller objects to be seen. 

Walking one block northwest on King George 
Street, one comes at the corner of College Avenue to 
the Ogle House, built in 1742 (Samuel Ogle was 
Proprietary Governor of Maryland, 1732-3, 1735-42, 
and 1747-52). Fronting on the opposite side of the 
street is St. John's College, which, under the name of 
King William's School was founded in 1694 " for the 
propagation of the Gospel, and the education of youth 
in good letters and manners." 

In 1697 Governor Nicholson proposed to the House of Bur- 
gesses "that His Majesty, William III, be addressed that some 
part of the revenue given towards furnishing arms and ammu- 
nition for the use of the Province, be laid out for the purchase 



ST. JOHN S COLLEGE 



17 



of books to be added to the books which had been presented by 
the King to form a Hbrary in the port of Annapolis." On the 
burning of the State House, many of these books were re- 
moved to King WiHiam's School, and these rare and curious 
volumes are still treasured in the College Library. 

In 1784 King \Mlliam's School was merged into 
St. John's College (opened for students in 1789). Its 
oldest building, McDowell Hall — bearing the name of 




LIBERTY TREE, ST. JOHN S COLLEGE 



the first president — is to be recognized by its central 
position and cupola. This had its origin in 1745, when 
it was begun as the governor's mansion; but because 
of a sharp disagreement between the Governor and the 
legislature, work stopped just before completion, and 
was not resumed until the building was given over to 
the College. The interior was destroyed by fire in 
1909, but has been restored. 

To the rear of the College buildings the French army under 
Rochambeau camped when on its way to Yorktown to support 



l8 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

Washington. To perpetuate the meniory of this occupation, 
the foundation of a monument has been laid near College 
Creek. 

The site having- the richest historical associations 
on St. John's College grounds is that of the venerable 
Liberty Tree (X), mai-ked by a small bronze tablet. 

There is a tradition that in 1652, under this poplar, was made 
the treaty with the Susquehannocks. During the stormy times 
previous to the Revolution, popular assemblies gathered here 
to decide how those who had not joined the patriots should be 
dealt with, hi 1824 Lafayette was entertained beneath its 
ample shade. In 1840, when the life of the tree was thought 
to be nearly extinct, some boys who were amusing themselves 
with gunpowder, exploded two pounds in its great hollow. 
The tree at once caught fire. " The citizens of Annapolis 
repaired in force for its rescue, the firemen bringing out the 
city engine and deluging the tree with water. The boys' es- 
capade was, no doubt, greatly denounced; but the juveniles had 
done better than their denunciators thought or the juveniles 
intended. The tree had fallen into a state of decay that 
threatened its life. The next year it put forth its branches 
with its youth renewed. The explosion had destroyed the 
worms that were gnawing away its vitals." Riley, Tlic Ancient 
City. 

Opposite the southwestern corner of the College 
grounds is the Randall House (Y), built in 1730, the 
birthplace of Reverdy Johnson. The old mansion 
stands in an enclosure, but if the trees are not in foli- 
age it can be seen to advantage from State Circle. 

The one house remaining to which attention will be 
called may be left until the visitor is about to enter the 
Naval Academy, for it is near the main g-ate, on 
Maryland Avenue. The Peggy Stewart House, No. 
207 Hanover Street (W), built in 1763 — remodeled 
in recent years — w^as the residence of Mr. Anthony 



THE PEGGY STEWART 1 9 

Stewart, the owner of a brig named for his daughter, 
the Peggy Stezvart. 

This ship arrived from London on October 15, 1774, bringing 
in its cargo 17 packages, or 2320 pounds, of tea. Though 
Stewart had had nothing to do with its importation, he paid 
the tax so that he might land the rest of the cargo ; whereupon 
he was charged with having violated the principle of resistance 
agreed upon by the Colonies, and his act caused great offense. 
Excited meetings of the people followed, at which, in spite of 
Stewart's humble confession and offer to burn the tea, it was 
with difficulty that the calmer minds restrained the angry 
citizens from resorting to violence. Finally, at Charles Car- 
roll's suggestion, Stewart proposed to burn the brig in their 
presence, and volunteered himself to apply the torch. Running 
the vessel ashore on Windmill Point (near the present site of 
the Academy Seamanship Building) where his invalid wife, 
from an upper window in her home, could see the glorious 
spectacle, he set lire to the brig as he had promised. A great 
crowd of citizens standing on the shore approved of the deed, 
and thus openly expressed their defiance of the British 
Government. 



20 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 



THE NAVAL ACADEMY 
Historical Sketch 

Although the AliUtary Academy at West Point has 
been in operation since 1802, the Naval Academy was 
not founded till 1845. Previously, the midshipmen 
got only haphazard instruction on shipboard from 
" schoolmasters," or chaplains. Early in the forties, 
however, the need of a naval school on shore had 
become generally admitted, and George Bancroft, the 
historian, interested himself in bringing it about im- 
mediately upon liis appointment as Secretary of the 
Navy. 

When Annapolis was decided upon as the site for 
the Academy, Bancroft succeeded in getting a transfer 
of old Fort Severn, with its buildings and grounds, 
from the War to the Navy Department. There he 
opened the school on October 10, 1845, with Com- 
mander Franklin Buchanan as its first Superintendent. 
At first there were only two classes at the school, 
" Junior " and " Senior." The Junior class consisted 
of '' acting midshipmen " who had just been appomted 
from civil life. They were on probation, and were 
required to study at the Academy, theoretically for a 
year, practically until they were needed to fill vacan- 
cies on the ships. The Senior class was composed of 
the midshipmen who had finished their three years' 
cruise, and were studying in preparation for the final 
examination for promotion. In 185 1 a course of four 
consecutive years at the Academy was substituted, 



HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY 21 

with an annual practice cruise in place of the omitted 
sea service. This arrangement has been followed ever 
since. 

At the outbreak of the Civil War, it was found 
advisable to move the school to Newport, where the 
work of instruction was carried on under great diffi- 
culties. Aleanwhile the Naval Academy yard was util- 
ized as an army camp. In September, 1865, the 
Academy was returned to Annapolis, and, under the 
able administration of Admiral David D. Porter (Su- 
perintendent, 1865-9), it took on new life, gaining by 
many important improvements in the curriculum and 
by extensive additions to the buildings and grounds. 

Between the time of his administration and that of 
Captain P. H. Cooper ( 1894- 1898) there was little 
change of importance. \Mth the latter began a move- 
ment toward the construction of new buildings for the 
school. In this project he w^as w^armly seconded by 
Colonel R. M. Thompson, of the class of '68, and 
Theodore Roosevelt, then Assistant Secretary of the 
Navy. In 1897 Mr. Roosevelt made a report to Con- 
gress urging that action be taken at once, and suc- 
ceeded in getting an appropriation with which the 
work was begun. The popularity won by the navy 
during the Spanish-American War gave the cause a 
great impetus. Large appropriations follow^ed readily, 
and in 1900 $8,000,000 was granted for the purpose 
of a complete reconstruction of the plant. This made 
the total sum appropriated for the Naval Academy 
buildings over ten million dollars. The plans of archi- 
tect Ernest Flagg of New York were accepted, and 
the first buildings completed, the Armory, Seamanship 
Building, and Bancroft Hall, were constructed, in the 
main, according to the original specifications. But, on 



22 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

account of the increase in the cost of labor and mate- 
rials, it was afterwards found necessary either to ap- 
propriate more, or to economize on the specifications. 
Congress voted for the latter alternative, and substi- 
tuted brick and terra cotta for the granite in the 
exterior work, and plaster for limestone in the in- 
teriors. Accordingly, the rest of the buildings have 
suffered from this fit of economy. The work of re- 
construction, begun in 1899, is now complete. 

The original plot of ground transferred with Fort 
Severn to the Navy Department in 1845, comprised 
about nine and a half acres. To-day the Academy 
grounds cover an area of over 80 acres, exclusive of 
the neighboring government property beyond the 
creek to the northwest and on the opposite shore of 
the Severn. 

Present Organization 

The Naval Academy, originally under the Bureau 
of Ordnance, is now under the direction of the Bureau 
of Navigation. The Superintendent is the adminis- 
trative head of the school ; next in rank to him is the 
Commandant, who has immediate control of matters 
of discipline. The instruction is carried on by " De- 
partments," each under the direction of a naval of^cer 
acting as " Head of Department.'' These departments 
are Mathematics and Alechanics, Navigation, Seaman- 
ship, Physics and Chemistry, Marine Engineering and 
Naval Construction, Electricity, English, and Modern 
Languages. Teaching is done in most departments by 
naval officers detailed for the duty, and in a few de- 
partments by civilians. 

Under the present law, every Congressman and 
Senator ma}- appoint two " candidates " for the Naval 



GENERAL SUGGESTIONS 23 

Academy, and the President twenty. These candi- 
dates must be between sixteen and twenty years of 
age, and must pass a mental and physical test to 
qualify for entrance. There are nearly a thousand 
appointments, but on account of the large number of 
men who fail to satisfy the requirements, either on 
the entrance examinations or during the four years' 
course, the actual number of midshipmen in the 
Acadeni}' is usually not more than 800. On gradua- 
tion, the midshipmen are sent to sea on vessels of the 
fleet, and two years later after an examination they 
are promoted to the commissioned rank of Ensign. 

The Buildings and Grounds 

The yard is open to visitors at all hours of the day. Excep- 
tions to this rule are during midshipmen's " fire drill," when 
all gates are closed. No automobiles are admitted without 
special permission. Dogs are not permitted unless held by a 
leash, no smoking is allowed, and all persons are required to 
keep on the walks. 

The best time to see the Naval Academy is during 
" June Week," its commencement time. This is the 
first w^eek in June. At that time recitations are over, 
graduation festivities are in full swing, and the Acad- 
emy wears its most attractive aspect. There are many 
exhibition drills, and a daily dress parade at six p. m. 
During June Week, however, the town is very 
crowded, and it is almost impossible to get accom- 
modation that has not been engaged months in ad- 
vance. At other seasons the visitor may see all that 
the Academy has to show, if he bears in mind the con- 
ditions. Sundays and national holidays, the favorite 
time for excursionists, are the worst days for sight- 
seeing in the Academy, because the buildings are 



24 



ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 



closed. As a general rule, on week-days, buildings 
are open from 8 to 12, i to 5. Drills begin at 4, and 
end at 5; Saturdays, 10.15 to 11.45. Saturday is a 
half holiday, and as a rule there are no drills Wednes- 
day and Thursday afternoons. Saturday games 
(football and baseball) are called at 2, occasional 
games on other days begin at 3.45 in the afternoon. 

The best place to begin a sight-seeing tour is at the 
" Main Gate," Maryland Avenue entrance (BB in 




OFFICERS MESS 



diagram). This is within a few steps of the corner 
reached by the cars of the W. B, & A., and is at the 
end of one of the main thoroughfares. At the left, 
as you enter, you notice a long, low building of white 
brick. This is the Officers' Mess, the quarters of the 
bachelor officers stationed at the Academy and of the 
Naval Academy Club. At the right is the Adminis- 
tration Building, which contains the offices of the 
Superintendent and his aids. The flagstaff directly in 
front follows the military practice by which " head- 
quarters " is indicated. The nautical character of the 



FRENCH AND SPANISH GUNS 2^ 

place is suggested by the imitation of a ship's mast 
with a ''top" at the junction of the upper and lower 
pieces of the staff. At the corner, on the avenue, is 
a gun, painted grey. This is a trophy from the Span- 
ish cruiser J^iacaya, destroyed at Santiago, July 3, 
1898. (For the story of the l^izcaya see p. 32). 

Turning to the right and passing in front of the 
Administration Building, you will notice two bronze 
guns flanking the walk that leads to the door. These 
belong to a remarkable collection of Spanish and 
French bronze guns, of the 17th and i8th centuries, 
which came to the Naval Acadeni}- from California 
and from the Castle of San Juan dTHloa, \'era Cruz, 
as trophies of the Mexican War. They belong to the 
da}' when the making of a cannon was as much a work 
of art as of science. Both of these are trophies from 
California. 

The gun at the right is a 12-ponnder. Just forward of the 
trunnions is the date of casting, '' ano de 1686." Abaft the 
trunnions is the name, of the piece, " San Ca3'etano," after the 
quaint custom of the time which gave a gun a name. Fre- 
quently, as in this case, the Spanish guns bore the name of a 
saint. Around the muzzle, in raised letters, is " Cubas me 
fes '• (Cubas made me). On the breech is the coat of arms 
of Castile and Leon. The other cannon is an i8-pounder of 
the date of 1769, cast in Lima, Peru. It is the only gun of the 
collection which does not have a name of its own. The in- 
scription may be translated (around the muzzle), "During 
the reign of H. M. Carlos III," (next abaft) " His Lordship 
Amat y Junient, being Viceroy, Governor, and Captain Gen- 
eral '' — "Cast in Lima" — "In the year 1769" — "By Pablo 
Torres y Huerta." 

The lofty building just beyond, surmounted by its 
ornate yellow and white dome, is the Chapel. 



26 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

The Chapel 

Open from 9 to 12, 2 to 4, daily, with the exception of Satur- 
day afternoon. Entrance is by the small door to the right. 

The balustrade surrounding the Chapel is decorated 
in front with four bronze cannon, two small ones at 
the corners are Spanish, the other two French. The 
one at the corner nearest the Administration Buildmg 
bears the name " Jesus." In ornamentation this is 
similar to its mate at the opposite corner, " San Al- 
baro." The former was cast in 1675, the latter in 
Lima, 1673. The two large guns flanking the en- 
trance are " Le Robuste " and " Le Fier," both of the 
date of 1755. In everything but the name these two 
French guns are alike. Their elaborate inscriptions 
and ornamentations are ahnost identical with those of 
" Le Grondeur " (described on p. 51), which lies in 
front of the Library Building, where it can be read- 
ily examined. 

Two bronze mortars in front of the small side doors 
were taken in Manila, the small one at the left bears 
a name near the muzzle, " El Insolente," and on the 
breech the place and date of casting, Barcelona, Sep- 
tember, 1769. The large one at the right bears in- 
scriptions showing that it was cast in Seville in March, 
1784. Both have the crown and monogram of Spain. 

The handsome bronze doors of the Chapel deserve 
attention. They are the gift of Colonel Robert M. 
Thompson of New York, in memory of the class of 
1868, of which he is a member. 

The doors were designed and executed by Miss Evelyn B. 
Longman, of New York, who won the competition on the first 
ballot from a field of thirty-three sculptors of both sexes. 
Each door is divided into three panels, the central one con- 



THE CHAPEL 2/ 

taining a group of allegorical figures. The group at the right 
represents " the youth of the country responding to Patriotism." 
The corresponding group at the left symbolizes " Science " in 
the old. man, and " Invention " in the boy holding up the model 
of a torpedo. In the background of both groups are repre- 
sented columns of midshipmen and sailors marching toward 
the sea. The two allegorical female figures in the transom 
represent " Peace [on leftl and Prosperity [on right! honoring 
the ashes of the dead.'' The altar bears the inscription, " Non 
sibi sed patriae" (Not for self, but for fatherland). Below 
this is the dedicatory inscription. Under the two upper panels 
are the names of naval heroes, Edward Preble, Stephen De- 
catur, Oliver Hazard Perry, on the left, and David Glasgow 
Farragut, David Dixon Porter, and William Thomas Sampson, 
on the right. The two bottom panels of the doors contain 
cherubs supporting wreaths containing the mottoes, " Sapientia 
ef Scientia" (Wisdom and knowledge) and "Deo ef Patriae" 
(For God and country). A rope ornament serves as a border 
for the paneling of the doors, and the nautical character of 
the work is carried out still further by the details of orna- 
ment, such as shells, dolphins, and tridents. The doors were 
unveiled June, 1909. 

The Chapel is built in the form of a Greek cross, 
surmounted by a lofty dome (210 feet to the top of 
the "lantern"). Near to, the dome seems somewhat 
out of proportion to its base, but seen from any dis- 
tance, it shows at once the architect's purpose, for the 
high central structure gives unity and character to a 
group of buildings which, though massive, are lack- 
ing in elevation. A novelty in its construction is that 
the entire framework is of reenforced concrete. The 
huge dome, estimated to weigh 3000 tons, was built 
on eight columns of concrete, six by two and a half 
feet in section, which carry the entire weight ; and the 
columns were then concealed between the light outer 
and inner walls afterwards erected. The cost of the 



25 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

Chapel was $400,000. It was begun in 1904 and fin- 
ished in 1008. Seats in the gallery, and a few on the 
main floor, are for the general public. The brigade 
of midshipmen is drawn up for Sunday morning in- 
spection at 10.30, in good weather, in front of Ban- 
croft Hall, and at 10.40 marches over to the Chapel. 
Upon their arrival, the service begins. This is con- 




CHAPEL 

ducted by the Chaplain, with music by a large choir 
of midshipmen. At the conclusion of the service it is 
customary for visitors to keep seats until the midship- 
men have marched out. 

The three stained-glass windows in the Chapel are 
all the work of Tiffany. That above the altar, " Christ 
Walking on the Sea of Galilee," is a memorial to 
Admiral David Dixon Porter, presented by the class 



THE CHAPEL • 29 

of 1869, the one that began and completed their aca- 
demic course while he was Superintendent. 

To the left is a window to Lieutenant-Commander 
Theodorus B. M. Alason, presented by his family. 
The central figure is Sir Galahad holding before him 
his sheathed sword, as if about to lay it down. 

Still farther to the left, above the gallery, is the 
memorial to Rear- Admiral William T. Sampson, given 
by the officers of the navy. The artist has taken for 
his underlying idea a theme often handled by the 
Greeks of classical times, but he has pleasingly varied 
it. Victory stands at the prow of the boat, but in- 
stead of sounding the trumpet and leading on to suc- 
cessful battle, like the famous Victory of Samothrace, 
she is returning with the dove, emblematic of peace. 

The organ is an electro-pneumatic instrument with 
three manuals and more than 2000 pipes. 

Twelve feet below^ the main floor is a crypt, at 
present unfinished and empty. This eventually is to 
be the resting-place for the remains of John Paul 
Jones (now in Bancroft Hall) and of other distin- 
guished naval heroes. 

The Sunday morning service at the Chapel is for 
most visitors of unusual interest. The entire brigade 
of midshipmen attend, and present an imposing spec- 
tacle. 

On leaving the Chapel, keep to the right and follow 
the walks to the Armory (see diagram). The house 
next the Chapel is the Superintendent's Quarters. 
The rapid fire gun at the corner is a trophy from the 
Maria Teresa, Cervera's flagship at Santiago. In the 
row of houses beyond are the homes of the " Heads 
of Departments." On either side of the walk leading 
to the Armory, and directly in front of the entrance, 
3 



30 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

are several guns, torpedoes, etc. All except the first 
two (small Spanish guns taken in California in 1847) 
are trophies of the Spanish-American War and the 
Philippine Insurrection. Most of these are sufficiently 
labeled to tell their story. The torpedoes were taken 
from the wreck of the Rcina Mercedes in the harbor 
of Santiago. The mine, the last trophy to the right, 
was picked up by the propeller of the U. S. S. 
Marhlehead, Guantanamo, Cuba. The largest of the 
guns is interesting as being an old-fashioned bronze 
muzzle-loader, cast in 1803, which was rifled and 
opened at the breech to adapt it to the use of modern 
ammunition in 1877. This was mounted on a wooden 
carriage by the Filipinos. 

It was captured from the Spaniards when Cavite fell, May i, 
1898, and was then used against the Spaniards. Afterwards it 
was turned over to the insurgents under Aguinaldo, and used 
by him against the walls of Manila. After the rupture with 
the insurgents, the latter turned the gun upon the Americans 
and fired two shots into Cavite in June, 1899. It was after- 
wards captured by the Americans. Around the muzzle is the 
name of the gun, " Originario." 

The Armory 

Open from 8 to 12, i to 5, daily, except Sundays and national 
holidays. The building is closed to visitors, however, while 
recitations are being held, in which case a placard is suspended 
on the door to that effect. 

This was the first building of the new Academy to 
be completed, and is the only one that was built ac- 
cording to the original specifications. Externally it 
is the exact mate of the Seamanship Building, on the 
opposite wing of Bancroft Hall ; both are 425 feet 
long and no feet wide. The Armory is under the 



THE ARMORY 3 1 

supervision of the Head of the Department of Ord- 
nance. 

To right and left of the door as yoii enter are rows 
of trophies, which are for the most part labeled. The 
two small brass guns (which are not labeled) lying 
on the floor on each side of the door, are especially 
interesting. They are Chinese guns of the 17th cen- 
tury, cast from moulds made at the Emperor's behest 
by a Jesuit missionary. They were taken by a naval 
force under Rear-Admiral John Rodgers, in May, 
1 87 1, when the Corean forts on the Han River were 
captured. Another, of similar pattern, rests on a 
mount in the left-hand corner, and was taken at the 
same time. Notice that these early guns are breech- 
loading. (It was not till after the Civil War that the 
breech-loading principle was revived.) The powder 
was poured into the detachable "flat-iron" (with the 
hook), set in the open breech, the iron was then turned 
so as to expose the priming-hole, and held in place 
by a wooden wedge. A match at the priming-hole 
discharged the gun. 

Passing the ships' bells to the right (from the Reina 
Mercedes and the Kearsarge) you will notice a small 
black cannon with a brass plate on its breech. This 
is the " International Gun," an old 6-pounder muzzle- 
loading gun used against the Boxers, in Pekin, in 
1900. It was found in Pekin by converted Chinese, 
and cleaned, scraped, and mounted on a spare set of 
wheels belonging to an Italian gun, by Gunner's Mate 
Mitchell, of the U. S. S. Newark. Because it was of 
either British or French manufacture, fired Russian 
ammunition, mounted on an Italian carriage, and was 
put together and fired by an American, it was chris- 



32 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

tened the '' International Gun." After various vicis- 
situdes with the gun, Mitchell had his arm broken by 
a Mauser bullet, just as Pekin was relieved. 

Beyond the gatling is the oldest piece of ordnance 
in the Academy, a Spanish gun cast about 1490, which 
was probably used by Cortez in his conquest of 
Mexico. For this reason it is called the " Cortez 
Gun." It was brought here with other trophies of the 
Mexican War. Notice that this, too, is a breech- 
loader. 

Crossing now to the opposite side, you will see an 
interesting collection of primitive Filipino guns, pre- 
sented to Admiral Dewey by the Archbishop of Ma- 
nila. Three of these are of iron covered with wood 
(from one the wood has been broken away), a fourth 
is of wood covered with carabao hide. Among these 
is one labeled with its native name " Lantanka," a 
wooden gun wound with coarse hemp strands, also of 
Filipino workmanship. 

In the corner at the left is a piece of the armor plate 
of the Rcina Mercedes, pierced by an American pro- 
jectile. 

This ship, which had been severely injured by the fire of 
the American squadron, was sunk by the Spaniards in the 
harbor of Santiago in an unsuccessful attempt to block the 
entrance. After the battle of Santiago she was raised, re- 
paired and taken to the United States. She is now used as a 
receiving ship at the Training Station, Newport, R. I. 

Directly at the head of the steps leading to the gal- 
lery is the stern plate of the Spanish cruiser Vizcaya, 
taken from her after the victory of Santiago. 

The Vizcaya was the second ship in the Spanish column 
when the sortie from Santiago harbor was made, and none of 



THE ARMORY 33 

the ill-fated squadron was more gallantly handled. When the 
leading ship, the Maria Teresa, turned and ran on the beach 
in flames, the Vizcaya, already suffering severely from the 
American fire, headed directly for the Brooklyn, to ram her. 
This caused the latter ship to make the sudden detour which 
has been the subject of so much discussion among historians 
of the battle. Thwarted in her effort to ram the Brooklyn, 
the Vizcaya, riddled and blazing, was forced to turn and run 
ashore, where she sank in shallow water. 

The other relics of this group tell their own story. 
Just behind, and hanging from the gallery railing, is 
what looks like a large circular shield carved with 
nautical devices and emblazoned in the navy blue and 
gold. This was made from the tompion of one of 
Admiral David D. Porter's 13-inch mortars, with 
which he bombarded the defenses of New Orleans in 
1862. Near the door in the gallery to the left may be 
seen the stadimeter used by Yeoman Ellis in the bat- 
tle of Santiago. The printed card tells the story in 
full. 

Returning to the stairs, you see in the short gal- 
leries on each side of the staircase two modern torpe- 
does and a few small brass guns. Of these latter, the 
two that face the front windows are signal guns from 
the famous cup defender America. The smaller ones 
on lion-shaped mounts — also signal guns — were of 
English origin, and taken from the English-built com- 
merce-destroyer Shenandoah when she was turned 
over to the United States in 1865. On the gallery 
above you will notice a gilded lion, with his paw rest- 
ing on a globe. This is a trophy from the quarter- 
deck of the British frigate Macedonian, after her cap- 
ture by the United States, Captain Stephen Decatur, 
Jr., October 25, 18 12. Tradition has it that the first 



34 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

shot from the United States carried away the ball 
under the lion's paw.'^ 

Descending to the Armory floor, you will find on 
each side of the stairs a collection chiefly of Civil War 
projectiles. These are clearly labeled. The floor of 
the Armory is used not only for indoor drills, but for 
basket-ball games, fencing matches, two or three of 
the largest " hops '' of the Academy year, and the 
graduation exercises. The floor measures 360 by 100 
feet, and is set with wooden blocks laid on cement. 

Leaving the Armory by the same entrance, take the 
brick walks to the right, running parallel with the 
terrace. At the left, set just beyond a clump of holly, 
is an ancient bronze bell from Japan. 

This was presented in 1854 to Commodore M. C. Perry by 
the Regent of the Lew Chew Islands, a part of the Island 
Empire. At this time Perry was conducting the negotiations 
which resulted in the opening of Japan to the western world. 
In 1858, in fuliihment of Commodore Perry's wish, his widow 
presented the bell to the Academy, and it was set up in the 
yard. It bears a long inscription, the date of which corre- 
sponds to the year 1456. The sound of this ancient bell, which 
centuries ago called worshippers to the Buddhist temple, is 
now heard only on the occasion of a baseball or football vic- 
tory over West Point. 



* There is a story current that this lion was taken, together 
with the Speaker's mace (also at the Academy), from the 
Parliament House at Toronto during a raid made by the 
Americans in the War of 1812. There seems to be no evidence 
to support this account of its origin. The letter reporting the 
raid mentions as trophies the mace and a number of " dried 
scalps," found suspended near the Speaker's chair, l;ut makes 
no reference to a wooden lion. 






BAXXROFT HALL 35 

A few steps further along the side of the terrace 
brings one to the plaza before the main entrance to 
Bancroft Hall. 

Bancroft Hall 

Visitors are admitted to Bancroft Hall at all hours during 
the day till supper call, except while a formation is taking 
place on the terrace. Visitors are allowed to see a midship- 
man in Bancroft Hall only during the recreation hours, i. e., 
Saturday and Sunday afternoons, other afternoons from live to 




BANCROFT HALL 

six-thirty. The only rooms that may be entered by a visitor 
unaccompanied by an officer, are the Rotunda, the Reception 
Room, and Memorial Hall. 

Bancroft Hall, the midshipmen's dormitory, and 
the headquarters of the Department of Discipline, is 
the largest of the Naval Academy buildings, measur- 
ing 773 feet in extreme length, by 458 feet in extreme 
width. It cost $3,550,000. It is built entirely of gran- 
ite, with an arrangement around three courts, two 
inner, and one large outer court, which serves as an 
esplanade before the main entrance. The triple door- 



36 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

way is fitted with bronze doors, and the approach is 
Ranked by four fine specimens of Spanish and French 
guns taken at Vera Cruz. The first two are of French 
manufacture; at the left, " Le Gaillard " (The Im- 
petuous), of 1748; at the right, "Mars," of 1755. 
The two flanking the doorways are Spanish ; at the 
left, " El Baiazeto," of 1747; to right, " El Meneleas," 
1732. The surfaces of these guns are richly orna- 
mented with carved designs in low relief. 

As you pass the doors, you find yourself in the ro- 
tunda, which affords the finest interior effect in the 
Academy. The floor is patterned in different colored 
marbles, the walls are of solid limestone, and the vault- 
ing is covered with plaster, which the architect in- 
tended to have decorated with fresco. The plan of the 
rotunda is admirable in its design, lighting, and pro- 
portions ; the only defect, the darkness of the corri- 
dors leading to right and left, being due to an admin- 
istrative change in the architect's original drawing. 
These corridors, 620 feet long, extend to right and 
left straight through the building. On each side, save 
for the offices of the Discipline Department situated 
near the rotunda, are the midshipmen's rooms. The 
same arrangement holds for the similar corridors on 
the two " decks " above, one below, and for those run- 
ning at right angles to them in the two wings of the 
dormitory. 

These wings are built around courts so that the 
inside rooms may have light and air. Most of the 
rooms are arranged in a suite of three for two mid- 
shipmen, two small bedrooms and a study room in 
common. In each suite is a shower bath. The rooms 
are severely plain in furnishings, and no ornaments 
are permitted. 



BANCROFT HALL 37 

The entrance to the Reception Room is the fourth 
door to the left. Visitors who desire may rest here. 
Those who wish to see friends among the midshipmen 
will apply to the " Officer-in-Charge " in the adjoin- 
ing room. On the walls of the Reception Room hang 
portraits of distinguished naval officers, each named. 

Rear-Admiral Dupont commanded the South Atlantic Block- 
ading Squadron during the greater part of the Civil War. His 
chief single exploit was the capture of the Confederate forts 
at Port Royal in November, 1861. Commodore Preble was the 
officer who, after three years of failure on the part of his 
predecessors, pushed the Tripolitan War to a successful end 
(1804-5). It was under him that the war became a brilliant 
page in American history. Commodore David Porter, father 
of Admiral Porter, of Civil War fame, is noted chiefly for 
his commerce-destroying cruise in the Essex in the War of 
1812, and his stubborn defence of that ship in the harbor of 
Valparaiso, March 28, 1814. 

The silver cup on the table is one of the many gifts of 
Colonel Robert M. Thompson to the Naval Academy. On this 
is engraved every year the name of a member of the gradua- 
ting class who, according to the votes of the school, has done 
most to promote the success of the Academy in athletics. 

Returning to the rotunda, the visitor will see at the 
right of the stairs leading up to Memorial Hall, and 
under the balcony, an excellent oil portrait of Paul 
Jones, painted by Cecilia Beaux, presented by the Class 
of 1 88 1. To the rear of this painting may be seen the 
coffin of the celebrated " Father of the American 
Navy," draped with the colors, and resting on tres- 
tles, awaiting the necessary appropriation on the part 
of Congress to find a fit resting place in the crypt 
beneath the Chapel. The body was discovered by 
General Horace Porter in Paris in 1905, and brought 
to the Academy in the summer of that year. 



38 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

The stairs that go downward from the level of 
the rotunda lead to Recreation Hall, which, designed 
originally for a mess hall before the increased number 
of midshipmen made it too small for the purpose, is 
now used, as the name suggests, for a general meet- 
ing place during recreation hours. It contains a col- 
lection of curiosities brought by naval officers to the 
Academy from all corners of the world, but it is not 
open to visitors unless they are accompanied by an 
officer. 

The stairs going upward from the rotunda lead to 
Memorial Hall, which is open to visitors. This fine 
hall is to be used to commemorate the names of naval 
officers who have lost their lives under heroic circum- 
stances. An already large collection of memorial tab- 
lets covers the walls to the left, and many of these 
make interesting reading. In the cases fitted into the 
niches in the walls are battle flags captured in the 
Civil War and the Spanish- American War. (For the 
flags of earlier wars, see cases in Library Building.)* 
Once a year, at graduation time, this room is the scene 
of the Alumni dinner. 

The windows offer a fine view of Chesapeake Bay. 
The parade ground, about 200 yards wide, lying be- 
tween Bancroft Hall and the Bay, is chiefly made land. 
Here the midshipmen's drills and parades are eventu- 
ally to be held. Somewhat to the left is the site of old 
Fort Severn — the nucleus of the Naval Academy — 
torn down in 1909. The oldest building of the old 
Academy, it was also the last to be destroyed. A little 

* At this writing (May, 1910), the cases are being prepared 
for the flags, but the flags themselves have not yet been ar- 
ranged either here or in the Library Building. For this 
reason they cannot be specifically mentioned. 



SEAMANSHIP BUILDING 39 

farther to the east — near the corner of the Seamanship 
Building — is where the Peggy Stezvart was burned. 
Beneath the wide stone terrace lying in front of the 
windows is the midshipmen's mess hall. 

The foregoing completes the list of '' sights " avail- 
able for the visitor in Bancroft Hall, and he must 
leave, as he entered, by the main doors. To reach the 
next building of interest, the Seamanship Building, 
take the walk to the right, after leaving the terrace ; 
follow around the corner to the right, and pass under 
the archway that pierces the base of the colonnade 
which connects Bancroft Hall with the Seamanship 
Building. The entrance for visitors is at the end of 
the building that faces Chesapeake Bay. 

Seamanship Building 

Open under the same conditions as the Armory (see p. 30). 

The visitor interested in naval relics will find more 
in the Seamanship Building than in any other building 
in the yard. This is due chiefly to the fact that most 
of the relics that found their way to the Navy Depart- 
ment, and many of the models that the Department 
had sent to various expositions, have come eventually 
to the Academy, and been collected here in the model 
room of the Seamanship Building. 

Externally, this structure is the counterpart of the 
Armory ; within, it is divided into two main parts : the 
gymnasiinn, with its locker rooms and swimming 
pool ; and the ship-model room, with the recitation 
rooms and offices of the Department of Seamanship. 
The door opens into the model room. The middle 
of the floor is taken up by a huge model of the screw 
sloop Antietain. This model was rigged by the mid- 



40 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

shipmen, as a part of their course in seamanship, in 
1 8/ I. The placard gives a full description. 

To left and right are wooden models of the ap- 
proved types of anchors ; these, also, are sufficiently 
labeled. Continuing to the right, you see suspended 
from the gallery above, a ship's gig with patched hull, 
decked over with canvas, and bearing the letter " S " 
en her bows. 

On October 30, 1870, the U. S. S. Saginazv was wrecked on 
Ocean Island, a low, sandy reef in the Pacific. All of her 
people were saved, and by means of a condenser rigged from 
the ship's boiler, and a piece of hose, enough fresh water was 
distilled for the needs of the castaways. But, as the supply of 
food was scanty, and there was little fuel to keep the con- 
denser going, it was necessary to get help, especially as the 
island lay too far out of the track of vessels to leave a hope 
of rescue from a passing ship. Accordingly, Captain Sicard of 
the SagiiiGcV fitted out the gig and manned her with a volun- 
teer crew of four men under Lieutenant Talbot. Three weeks 
after the wreck of the Saginazv, the little boat spread sail for 
the Hawaiian Islands to get relief. The expedition had been 
equipped with all the care possible under the circumstances, 
but it met with a series of gales that spoiled most of the provi- 
sions, destroyed all means of making a fire, and, besides threat- 
ening at any moment to swamp the boat, drove her far out of 
her course. After a voyage of thirty-eight days, covering 
1600 miles, the party sighted one of the Hawaiian Islands. 
Even then the weather was so heavy that the boat had to lie 
to for three days before attempting to enter the harbor. Early 
on the morning of December 19, while waiting for daylight to 
show the channel, it was sucked in by the current, and re- 
peatedly capsized in the breakers. The men, in their weakened 
condition, were unable to struggle long, and out of the five, 
only one. Coxswain Halford, reached the shore alive. It was 
he who carried the news that eventually brought relief to 
Ocean Island. The boat itself was saved, and sent to the 
Academy. 



SEAMANSHIP BUILDING 4I 

On the left, under the Sagiiiazu's gig, is the model 
of an old-fashioned sailing sloop of war, the Marion. 
The original was used as one of the practice ships by 
the midshipmen before the Civil War. In the corner 
of the room is a pyramid made of pieces of wood from 
various ships of the navy, all labeled. This was part 
of the Centennial Exhibit in 1876. 

The large white eagle that may be seen on the left 
at the next corner, was the figure-head of the Trenton, 
one of the steam frigates of the old navy. The Tren- 
ton was one of the three American ships that were 
wrecked in the Samoan islands during the great gale 
of March 15 and 16, 1889. Just above is suspended a 
boat from the Spanish torpedo boat destroyer Pluton. 
The Phiton, and her sister-ship Furor, were the two 
vessels attacked and sunk by the Gloucester in the 
action of July 3. Near this is suspended a dugout 
(painted blue), by which Sherman informed the 
blockading fleet of his successful march to the sea in 
1864. To right and left on the ground floor are 
models of old sailing ships of the navy. In contrast 
with their antiquity is a section of .the great cable used 
in towing the " Dewey dry dock " to the Philippines 
in 1906. 

Take the door at the right, and follow the stairs to 
the gallery above. The first object that attracts the 
eye is a resplendent figure-head, representing the 
crown and arms of Spain. This belonged to the Span- 
ish cruiser Don Antonio d'Ulloa, one of the ships sunk 
by Dewey in the battle of Manila Bay, May i, 1898. 
The following quotation from an eye witness of the 
battle describes the heroic defense of this vessel : 

" Every ship in the Spanish fleet, with one exception, fought 
valiantly; but to the Don Antonio d'Ulloa and her comman- 



42 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

der, Robion, should be given the pahn for that form of des- 
perate courage and spirit which leads a man to die fighting. 
The flagship [Olympia] and the Boston were the executioners. 
Under their shells the Ulloa was soon burning- in half a dozen 
places, but her fighting crew gave no sign of surrender. Shot 
after shot struck her hull, until it was riddled like a sieve. 
Shell after shell struck her upper works, but there were no 
signs of surrender. The main deck crew escaped, but the cap- 
tain and his officers clung to the wreck. On the lower deck 
the gun crews stuck to their posts like the heroes they were. 
. . . Her commander nailed the Spanish ensign to what was 
left of the mast, and the Don Antonio d'Ulloa went down not 
only with her colors flying, but also with her lower guns roar- 
ing defiance." 

Just beyond (to the right) is a fine model of the 
old paddle-wheel frigate Pozi'Jwtan. On this ship the 
first commercial treaty between Japan and the United 
States was signed in 1858, and it was still one of onr 
representative men-of-war as late as the early eighties. 
Beyond the Fozvhatan are a number of Asiatic boats 
of various types. 

On the right hand as you turn the corner, you will 
see the model of a steam ram, built on the catamaran 
principle, with the paddle-wheels protected by the 
outer hulls. This is interesting for more than one 
reason. In the first place, it was the invention of 
Commodore James Barron, the commander who 
figured in the unfortunate Chcsapcakc-Leopard afifair 
(1807), and who killed Stephen Decatur in a duel 
(1820) arising out of that episode. The model was 
submitted to the Navy Department in 1827, and re- 
jected. Although nothing was ever done with this 
invention, it is, nevertheless, a forerunner of the 
steam-ram idea which was developed by the Confed- 
erates thirty-five years later in such vessels as the 
Merrimac and Tennessee. 



SEAMANSHIP BUILDING 43 

At the left is a beautiful model of the famous Ville 
dc Paris. This, with the Dante and the Did on, were 
presented to the Academy by M. Vattemare of Paris, 
in 1854. 

The Ville de Paris was a French ship-of-the-line of the i8th 
century, regarded as the finest ship of her time. She was pre- 
sented to Louis XV by the city of Paris. She was the flagship 
of De Grasse's fleet in the celebrated " Battle of the Saints " 
in the West Indies, April 12, 1782, which proved to be a 
decisive victory for the English admiral, Rodne}^ During the 
latter part of this battle, De Grasse, in the l^illc de Paris, 
fought, single-handed, a ring of British ships for about five 
hours. When at last he hauled down his colors, he was one of 
only three unwounded men left on her spar deck. She was 
subsequently taken into the British service, and Admiral Col- 
lingwood died on board her in 1810. 

Farther to the right is the model of the Revolu- 
tionary frigate Alliance. This is the ship which, under 
the command of the crazy Pierre Landais, fired into 
her consort, the Bonhomme Richard, Captain Paul 
Jones, during the latter's famous duel with the Scrapis. 
Next to this is the steamship Central America, the 
steamer on which Commander Herndon, U. S. N., 
lost his life while attempting to save his passengers. 
(For this story, see Herndon Monument, p. 49.) To 
left and right in the corners are two ships' figure- 
heads, portrait heads from the Franklin and the 
George IVashins^ton. Another, standing out from the 
middle of the gallery rail, is (like the gilded Hon in the 
Armory) a trophy from the British frigate Mace- 
donian, captured by Stephen Decatui, Jr., in the 
United States, October 25, 18 12. If the door to the 
right is open, the visitor may get a glimpse of the 
gymnasium. This is the scene of the famous Naval 
Academy " hops," as well as of the winter athletics 



44 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

of the midshipmen. ( Visitors are not permitted on 
the floor.) Directly in front of you as you step 
through the door, is a large figure-head of an Indian, 
the most sacred fetish of the old Academy. 

This figure-head, popularly known as " Tecumseh," was de- 
signed to represent the chief of the Delaware Indians. It 
adorned the frigate Delaware, which was launched in 1820. 
When she was broken up, the figure-head was sent to the 
Academy. For many years it stood on a brick pedestal in the 
yard, and was reverenced by the midshipmen and " candi- 
dates " as the " god of 2.5." 2.5 is the pass mark of the Acad- 
emy, and those who were worried over their standing, were 
supposed to offer him a silent prayer for help as they marched 
by to examination. 

On returning to the gallery of the model room, you 
see still another figure-head on the outer corner at the 
left, a statue of Andrew Jackson in the conventional 
pose of a statesman. This belonged to the frigate 
Constitution, and was the cause of an amusing inci- 
dent in the history of that famous ship. 

Before this one, the Constitution had borne three other 
figure-heads. The first, which represented Hercules, was 
struck by a shot in one of the attacks on Tripoli, and was soon 
replaced by a figure of Neptune. This was replaced in turn by 
the simple billet head which may be seen in the opposite corner 
of the gallery, behind the Andrew Jackson. This billet head 
was worn during the War of 1812. 

After Holmes's famous poem beginning, " Ay, tear her tat- 
tered ensign down ! " had saved the Constitution from being 
broken up in 1832, she was sent to the Boston Navy Yard for 
general refitting. When Commodore Jesse D. Elliott was ap- 
pointed to command her in 1833, she was all ready for sea 
except for her figure-head. Elliott, being a Democrat and an 
enthusiastic admirer of President Jackson, ordered a statue of 
Old Hickory to be carved to adorn her bows. As Boston was 
a Whig city, this selection aroused a storm of protest, but it 
served only to make the commodore more stubborn. As 



SEAMANSHIP BUILDING 45 

threats of violence were heard, Elhott moored the Constitu- 
tion between two ships-of-the-Hne, and stationed extra guards 
on her deck. An adventurous young shipmaster named Dewey 
took it into his head that it would be a fine lark to saw off the 
head of Jackson, and bring it away as a trophy. He waited 
for a stormy night, then rowed out to the Constitution, stealth- 
ily climbed up her bows, and lying on his back on the bob 
stays, sawed away till the head was off. The continuous 
thunder covered the noise of sawing, and Dewey got away 
without even being challenged. 

The feat aroused the ire of Elliott, who offered $1000 for 
information leading to the arrest of the perpetrator. But 
Boston citizens were jubilant. Dinners were given in which 
the severed head served as a centerpiece, Dewey was surrep- 
titiously lionized, and Elliott had to sail with the headless 
President to New York, without getting any satisfaction. 
There the figure-head was repaired by the original carver, and 
it remained thereafter for more than forty years under the 
Constitution's bowsprit. Meanwhile, the irrepressible Dewey 
had the impudence to exhibit the head in New York, Philadel- 
phia, and Washington, and was prevented from giving it to 
the President himself one day only by the latters illness. It 
is said that when an indignant friend urged Jackson to have 
Dewey punished, Old Hickory answered, " The fellow did 
perfectly right. It's a damned ugly head anyway." 

The modest billet head of the Constitution in the 
other corner, accompanied her in the days when she 
made herself the most famous ship of the American 
Navy, She was three times pursued by a British 
squadron, and as many times escaped. She captured 
the frigates Guerricrc (Aug. 19, 1812) and Java 
(Dec. 29, 18 1 2), and injured both so badly that they 
had to be blown up in mid ocean. Toward the end 
of the war she ran the blockade, and fought the frigate 
Cyane and the sloop of war Levant together, captur- 
ing both (Feb. 20, 1815). The rehabilitated Consti- 
tution lies now at the Boston Navy l^ard. 



46 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

There arc several interesting- ship models and curi- 
osities in the remaining gallery, notably the French 
frigate Did on (see placard) and the Dante. This lat- 
ter is remarkable as a type of the elaborate ornamenta- 
tion which characterized the warships, as well as the 
cannon, of the 17th century, and the old style of naval 
architecture, notably the way in which the masts are 
stepped. 




01. \ Al I'lA, II AU ri-( )U!) AM) SA.\ ri.l'. 

To the east of the Seamanship Building is the San- 
tee Wharf. Here will be seen an old frigate, roofed 
over, the Santee. Her interior is devoid of interest, 
and though the hulk suggests the Old Navy, she had 
practically no part in it. Park Benjamin says of the 
Santee in his history of the Academv: 

" She was a ' political ship,' built piecemeal about election 
time for many years by prospective voters who had to be 
'taken care of.' Her keel was laid at the Portsmouth (New 
Hampshire) Navy Yard in 1820 — and thirty-five years after- 
ward she was launched. She had no historic record, and her 
service had been very limited." 



THE HARTFORD AND OLY^IPIA 47 

In the spring of 1862 she was sent to Newport, to which the 
Academy had been removed at the outbreak of the war, to 
serve with the Constitution as a schoolship. In later years she 
was long used at the Academy as a guard ship, on which mid- 
shipmen who had received an excess of demerits took up their 
temporary quarters. 

On the outer side of the Santee Wharf is Farragut's 
old flagship, the Hartford. This is open to the public 
until sunset, and for those who have time it is worth 
while to tread her historic decks. 



As Farragut began his operations in the Mississippi in the 
spring of 1862, the Hartford was a new ship, having sailed on 
her first cruise, to China, only three years before. When pass- 
ing the forts below New Orleans, the flagship was a target for 
the heavy guns of the Confederates, and found a grave danger 
in a fire-raft that was pushed down upon her. Later, in pass- 
ing the batteries at Vicksburg and at Port Hudson, her strong 
sides were again severely tested. However, the supreme 
moment of Farragut's life, and of the ship inseparably con- 
nected with his career, came at the battle of Mobile Bay, 
August 5. 1864. The Admiral, from his station in the rigging, 
had seen the heavy Union monitor Tecumseh sunk by a tor- 
pedo, and the column of wooden ships halting and becoming 
confused, right under the guns of Fort Morgan at the entrance 
to ^Mobile Bay. The ships ahead made it impossible for him 
to enter the bay except by passing over what was known to be 
a line of torpedoes. This course, his only chance of victory, he 
instantly chose. As the Hartford swung clear and got under 
way, there came the warning cry from one of the other ships, 
" Torpedoes ahead ! " 

" Damn the torpedoes ! "' shouted Farragut, intent only on 
his high purpose. " Four bells ! Captain Drayton, go ahead ! 
Jouett, full speed ! " The Hartford crossed the Ime of tor- 
pedoes in safety, and sped on to victory. Farragut's famous 
utterance will be seen in the after part of the ship blazoned on 
one of the beams above the gun deck. 

In the eighties the Hartford was rehabilitated for 
the purpose of a trauiing ship at a cost of $600,000, 



48 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

and considerably altered in appearance. She was 
shortened by about thirty feet, an upper deck was 
built from poop to topgallant forecastle, and her rig 
was changed from full-rigged to bark. The guns she 
carries to-day are not her Civil War armament, but 
modern rapid fire guns for the instruction of the mid- 
shipmen. 

The white cruiser anchored in mid stream is the 
Olympia, Admiral Dew^ey's flagship in the battle of 
Manila Bay, May i, 1898. 



Her construction was authorized by act of Congress in 
and she was completed in 1892. While she is frequently re- 
ferred to as a " battleship," she belonged to the class of " first- 
rate protected cruisers." In the famous victory of May i, the 
Olympia headed the American line, followed by the Baltimore, 
Raleigh, Petrel, Concord, and Boston. Under Dewey's direc- 
tion, the line passed the anchored Spanish ships, then turned 
and repassed them. This plan kept the American squadron in 
constant motion, and by turning alternate broadsides in firing, 
enabled every battery to come into play, thereby relieving the 
strain on each. According to the Spanish Admiral's report, 
the enemy lost 381 killed and wounded. The American loss 
was only seven slightly wounded. 

As the Olympia is now obsolete as a fighting machine, she 
is kept at Annapolis for the instruction of midshipmen. 

To continue the route through the yard, it is better 
to retrace the way back to the main walks leading to 
the entrance of Bancroft Hall, and follow one of them 
to the Academic Group (see diagram). On the other 
side of the bandstand, to the left, runs a gravel path 
known to every generation of midshipmen as '* Love 
Lane." In the old days it was shaded by accommoda- 
ting shrubbery, but an unsentimental Superintendent 
tore this up and left the path as it is now. A few steps 
from the bandstand the '' lane " passes a plain granite 



MONUMENTS 49 

obelisk, bearing the name " Herndon " and the date 
" September 12, 1857." 

This was erected by naval officers to the memory of Com- 
mander William L. Herndon, who lost his life while in com- 
mand of the mail steamer Central Americo. (At that time the 
law required steamships carrying the California mail to be 
commanded by naval officers.) The steamer foundered in a 
gale off Hatteras. Out of 575 souls only 152 were saved, and 
$2,000,000 in gold went down with her. 

The ship's distress signals brought the brig Marine to the 
rescue, and the latter managed to take aboard the women and 
children, together with a few other passengers. When Hern- 
don realized that nothing more could be done for his ship or 
her people, he went to his cabin and dressed himself in full 
uniform. Returning to the deck, he took his post on the wheel 
house. A few minutes later, the steamer lurched and went 
down, and as she sank, her commander reverently uncovered. 

At the right, alongside one of the brick walks, is a 
small marble monument with gilt decorations, sur- 
rounded by four Spanish guns taken by the navy in 
California. This is the Mexican War Monument, 
erected by ujidshipmen to the memory of their com- 
rades, Midshipmen Clemson, Hynson, Pillsbury, and 
Shubrick, who lost their lives during the naval opera- 
tions before A^era Cruz in 1846-7. 

Clemson and Hynson were drowned when the brig Somers 
capsized in the harbor of Vera Cruz. There was but one boat 
available, which they refused to get into, ordering their men 
into it until it was filled. As the Somers went down, it car- 
ried Hynson with her ; Clemson held to a spar till he saw that 
it could not support all who were clinging to it, and then de- 
liberately abandoned it. 

Midshipman Pillsbury was drowned by the foundering of a 
sailing launch of which he was in command. All hands clung 
to the upturned boat; but Pillsbury, seeing that one of his men 
was exhausted, attempted to give him his own place, which 



50 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

was more secure, but in the effort was swept away by the 
heavy seas. 

Shiibrick was killed while in the act of sighting a gun in the 
naval battery erected on shore before Vera Cruz. 

The tall white staff near the edge of the green, at 
the left, will be recognized as a " wireless " receiver. 
The station is on the ground floor of the left wing of 
the Academic Group, which lies directly ahead. 

The Academic Group 

This has three parts, the center and the two wings. 
The wings, which are not open to visitors, contain 
merely the recitation rooms and of^ces of various de- 
partments of instruction. The center building com- 
prises an auditorium on the lower floor, and the Acad- 
emy Library on the upper. The Library is open week- 
days from 9 to 6, except Wednesday and Saturday 
afternoons, when it is closed to all but midshipmen 
and officers. 

On each side of the walk leading to the main en- 
trance are two splendid examples of ancient French 
gims (taken at Vera Cruz). As these are placed so 
that they can be easily examined, it is worth while 
scanning the ornamentation and inscriptions. 

The one at the visitor's right (as he faces the Library 
Building) is " Le Mordicant " (The Biter). This (date of 
1685) belongs to the age of Louis XIV, and reflects the glory 
and pride of that reign. Near the muzzle is the motto of the 
gun, "Ultima Ratio Regum " (The last argument of kings). 
The name '' Le Marechal Due de Humieres," followed by the 
Duke's arms, shows who was the Chief of Ordnance of that 
day. The motto, " Nee Pluribus Impar," was the proud boast 
of Louis XIV. It means, literally, " Not unequal to many," 
interpreted to mean, " Superior to all the world." Below this 
motto is an image of the sun, the King's chosen symbol of 



THE ACADEMIC GROUP 



51 



himself. Around the rim of the breech is an inscription to the 
effect that the gun was cast by the " Keller brothers of the 
Swiss province of Thurgau." The Keller brothers were the 
most famous gun founders of their day, and their services 
were obtained by Louis XIV for his own arsenals. " Le 
Grondeur" (The Grumbler), on the other side of the walk, 
has the same inscriptions, although cast in 1755, nearly a cen- 
tury later. Notice the fantastic breech. 

The bronze mortar directly ahead, at the foot of the 
steps, was taken from the Mexicans in California. 




LIP.RARY BUILDING, ACADEMIC GROUP 

Just above this is the original tablet commemorating 
the founding of the Naval Academy in 1845. The 
main entrance above is open to visitors. Within, the 
corridors, divided by the broad double flight of stairs 
to the Library, offer one of the most attractive in- 
teriors among the buildings of the yard. The niches, 
fitted with cases, will soon contain some of the most 
precious relics of the Academy, the battle flags cap- 
tured from the enemy in our early wars, notably the 
War of 18 12. 



52 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

The Library, on the floor above, contains little of 
general interest to the visitor beyond a set of portraits 
of former Superintendents, many of them famous. 
The visitor who wants a glimpse of the Library, how- 
ever, may ascend the broad stairway. The large 
room at the left of the head of the stairs is the main 
reading room. On the catalogue case is a bronze bust 
of Colonel Robert M. Thompson, to whose generosity 
and interest in the Academy allusion has already been 
made in several instances. Around the walls of this 
room are hung the portraits of the Superintendents of 
the Academy in chronological order, beginning with 
the corner just at the right of the door as you enter. 

The first is Commander Franklin Buchanan, captain of 
Perry's flagship in the famous expedition to Japan ; and later, 
in the Confederate Service, captain of the celebrated Mcrrimac 
{Virginia), when she destroyed the Cumberland and Congress 
in Hampton Roads, March 8, 1862. A wound received during 
the attack on the Congress prevented his commanding the 
Merrimac the following day, when she fought the Monitor. 
In the defense of Mobile, August 5, 1864, he commanded the 
ironclad Tennessee. After Admiral Farragut had succeeded in 
bringing his fleet past the fort into the bay, Buchanan left his 
sheltered anchorage under the guns of the fort, and, single- 
handed, attacked the entire Federal fleet. In this battle, also, 
he was wounded, and his ironclad, reduced to a helpless con- 
dition, was forced to surrender. 

The sixth portrait is that of Admiral David D. Porter, who 
was Superintendent at the close of the war, and did so much 
for the reorganization of the school. Porter was second only 
to Farragut in the reputation won during the Civil War. He 
served with Farragut in the capture of New Orleans, cooper- 
ated with Grant in the campaign that ended with the fall of 
Vicksburg, and with the help of the army captured Fort 
Fisher, the last stronghold of the Confederacy. 

The portrait just beyond his is that of Commodore John L. 
Worden, who commanded the Monitor in her famous duel 
with the Merrimac, March 9, 1862. 



THE TRIPOLI MONUMENT 53 

On the wall directly opposite will be recognized the portrait 
of Commander Sampson (later Rear-Admiral), who com- 
manded the American fleet at the battle of Santiago. The 
fourth portrait from his is that of Commander (now Rear- 
Admiral) Richard Wainwright, who won distinction in that 
battle by his conduct as commander of the Gloucester. This 
was a wholly unprotected boat, mounting light guns, but he 
did not hesitate to attack the two Spanish torpedo boat de- 
stroyers Pluton and Furor, as they emerged from the harbor 
entrance at the end of the Spanish line; and it was largely due 
to his action that they were both speedily sunk. 

On leaving the Library Building, turn to the 
right, and take the broad walk that leads toward the 
Athletic Field (see diagram). A short distance on 
the left of the w^alk will be noticed an ornate monu- 
ment midway between the broad walk and the Offi- 
cers' Mess. This is the Tripoli Monument. 

This monument owes its existence to the friendship and ad- 
miration of the officers of the navy, who assigned a portion of 
their pay for the memorial to their fallen comrades. The care 
of procuring the monument was left to David Porter, and he 
probably suggested the design. He was assisted by the Bishop 
of Florence, whose interest had been aroused by the active 
efforts of America in suppressing the piracy of the Mediterra- 
nean. Through the influence of the Bishop, the charge for the 
work was only about one-half the usual rates. When finished, 
it was brought over to the United States on the frigate 
Constitution. 

The female figure bearing a headdress of feathers, and 
dressed in a short petticoat of ostrich feathers, with Roman 
leggings and shoes, leading two children and pointing up- 
ward, represents " America " ; the draped female figure with 
pen and book in her hands is " History " ; the male figure 
bearing the caduceus of Mercury stands for " Commerce " ; 
and the winged figure holding a wreath represents "Victory." 
On the four sides of the block on which the column rests, are 
panels, three of which bear inscriptions. The fourth is of 
special interest, as it gives a view in bas-relief of the city of 



54 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

Tripoli, with Commodore Preble's squadron attacking. While 
the artistic merit of the scene is small, the sculpture was proba- 
bly made from a drawing by David Porter, who, as one of the 
prisoners from the Philadelphia in Tripoli, was an eye witness 
of the entire campaign. It gives, probably, a fair idea of the 
appearance of Tripoli in 1804. 

The monument has had vicissitudes. It was erected in the 
Washington Navy Yard in 1808. In 1814 it was mutilated by 
the British, when they burned the capital, but was afterwards 
restored by act of Congress. For some time it stood in the 
Capitol grounds, and in i860 it was transferred to the Naval 
Academy. 

The memorial was raised to five young naval officers who 
lost their lives in the operations against Tripoli in 1804. Lieu- 
tenant James Decatur (brother of Stephen Decatur) was 
treacherously shot by the Tripolitan commander of a gunboat 
which had just surrendered to him. This occurred in the first 
of a series of gunboat attacks against the Tripohtan fleet. In 
the second attack. Lieutenant Caldwell and Midshipman Dor- 
sey were killed by the explosion of the magazine on their boat. 
Lieutenant Somers and Midshipmen Wadsworth and Israel 
lost their lives in a daring attempt to destroy Tripolitan ship- 
ping. The ketch Intrepid, which, under Stephen Decatur, had 
succeeded in destro3ang the Philadelphia in the harbor of 
Tripoli, was fitted out as a floating mine and taken into the 
harbor for the purpose of exploding her in the midst of the 
Tripolitan vessels. Two rowboats were taken along for the 
escape of the officers and crew. The Intrepid, however, was 
attacked before she had passed the entrance to the harbor, 
and she suddenly blew up. Not a man escaped. Whether 
Somers deliberately fired the magazine to prevent the ship 
from falling into the hands of the enemy, or whether a hot 
shot from the gunboats exploded her, must always remain a 
mystery. 

The next turn to the right leads to the Steam Engi- 
neering Building, situated directly to the rear of the 
Academic Group. 

Open 8 to 12, i to 5. The entrance faces the rear of the Aca- 
demic Group. 



THE STEAM ENGINEERING BUILDING 55 

Here is the most extensive collection of models in 
IMarine Engineering in all the country, and the man 
of mechanical taste will find much of absorbing in- 
terest. 

The main entrance opens upon a large room, where 
are models of warships (entire and in section), drv- 
docks, ships' boilers, and engines. Many of the last 
are working models, driven by compressed air. In 
the shop to the east (towards the river) further work- 
ing models and engines will be found, and almost 
every day the midshipmen of the upper classes, in 
their white drill clothes, may be seen operating the 
engines, putting into practice the principles which 
they are studying in their text-books, and which they 
will soon have to deal with on shipboard. 

In the shop to the west of the main entrance hall 
the midshipmen have practice in pattern making, and 
in the shops to the rear they are drilled in blacksmith- 
ing, moulding, and casting, and in chipping, filing, and 
turning iron and steel. 

The visitor should not fail to go to the second floor 
(stairway to the rear of the entrance hall) and see 
the large drawing room, remarkable for its size and 
for its splendid provisions for light. In these respects 
it is regarded as the finest drawing room in the coun- 
try. 

The visitor who has only two or three hours at his 
disposal, will probably find it necessary, after reach- 
ing the Athletic Field, to take the first path to the left, 
leading to ''Upshur Row" gate (AA), and back to 
town. He will, nevertheless, get at this point a good 
view of the midshipmen's Athletic Field, the Naval 
Cemetery beyond, and, in the distance, to the left, the 
long barracks of the IMarine Corps. 



56 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

Those who have more leisure will find interest in 
the row of guns that lie to the right, and behind the 
bleachers, and will be repaid by a walk to the Ceme- 
tery. The guns ranged along the water front side of 
the field are relics chiefly of the Civil War and of the 
War of 1812. 

The first of these is a huge 12-inch wrought-iron smooth- 
bore gun. called the " Oregon," designed by Commodore Stock- 
ton, U. S. N. The interest attached to this is that its mate, 
named the " Peacemaker," exploded on being fired the first 
time, killing the Secretary of the Navy and a number of other 
officials. Next beyond is an 8-inch Armstrong rifle (English 
manufacture) taken from Fort Fisher after the fall of that 
stronghold in 1865. The third, a 100-pound Brooks rifle, is 
interesting as being one of the two heavy guns mounted by the 
Confederate ram Albemarle. 

The destruction of this ram by Lieutenant Cushing (1864) 
is still unsurpassed in the history of the navy for coolness and 
daring. One night, w^ith a picked crew of five volunteers, he 
took a small launch armed with a torpedo up the river to 
where the Albemarle was moored. When near his destination, 
he was discovered and fired upon. At the same time he found 
that a boom of logs lay about the ram for the purpose of keep- 
ing off torpedo attacks. Sheering round, he drove at full 
speed against the boom, rode over it, and came up to the side 
of the ram, all the while under a musketry fire. Then he 
coolly lowered the torpedo and blew a hole in the Albemarle's 
hull below the water line that ended her career. Refusing to 
surrender, he swam down river, and, finally, after great hard- 
ships, got back to the Union fleet. After the loss of the ram, 
this gun was removed to Morris Island, where it was captured. 
Looking across the mouth of the creek to the Cemetery the 
visitor will see the gravestone of Cushing himself, situated at 
the extremity of the bluff. 

Passing a tiny mortar and a small cannon, one comes upon 
two British 12-pounders taken from the Macedonian, which 
surrendered to Captain Decatur, October 25, 1812. The two 
short, wide-muzzled guns just beyond are " carronades," a 



BRITISH AND CONFEDERATE GUNS 5/ 

type devised for use at close quarters. These, also, are tro- 
phies from the Macedonian. Passing three more, you reach 
a makeshift gun of the Confederacy. This, and the third up 
the line, were manufactured at Galveston from the shaft of the 
Federal ship WestHcld. 

The shaft was used as the "core" of the gun, rifled, and 
then reinforced at the breech by a heavy jacket shrunk on. 
These guns are eloquent of the straits to which the Confed- 
eracy was put for steel, and the ingenuity displayed in making 
the most of every piece that could be found. 

A few steps further brings one to two guns, with a brass 
plate on each, indicating that they came from the British frig- 
ate Coniiance taken in i^dacdonough's victory at Lake Cham- 
plain. These trophies represent the most decisive victory in 
the War of 1812 (September 11, 1814), won by the courage 
and forethought of the young x\merican commander pitted 
against a superior force. Before the battle he had arranged 
his little squadron to the greatest possible advantage, and pro- 
vided his ships with cables or " springs," so that he might 
" wind " a ship about to bring a fresh battery into play. At 
the crisis of the battle, when all the guns of his flagship on the 
engaged side were rendered useless, he resorted to this de- 
vice, brought an uninjured broadside to bear, and received the 
surrender of the enemy a few minutes afterwards. The first 
of the two guns, that dented on its left side, is the one which 
killed the British commander, Downie, early in the action. 
The blow of the American shot drove the quoin of the gun 
against the English captain at the moment when he was sight- 
ing the gun. The two carronades at the end of the line are 
trophies from the British frigate Cyane, taken by the Constifii- 
tion, Feb. 20, 1815. This capture was effected by one of the 
finest instances of seamanship in our history. Captain Stewart 
of the American frigate engaged at the same time two British 
ships, the Cyane (frigate) and the Levant (corvette), and 
handled the Constitution so skillfully that he allowed neither 
antagonist the advantage of a raking position, while managing 
at the same time to rake them both repeatedly. The Levant 
was afterwards recaptured by a British squadron. 



58 ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

The bridge across the creek leads to the Naval 
Cemetery, which lies on a beautiful wooded elevation 
overlooking the water. Here may be found the names 
of many a gallant spirit who met his death " in the 
line of duty " or won fame by acts of heroism. Some 
of the names on the tablets in i\Iemorial Hall will be 
recognized here. In these pages, however, it will be 
possible to mention only a few of the most interesting 
monuments. 

Visitors will take the road to the right. The hand- 
some granite block, to the left of the road, not far 
from the entrance, was erected to Midshipman James 
Branch by his classmates. It will recall to many the 
tragic end of his fight with a brother midshipman 
under the old Naval Academy " code." The death of 
Branch resulted in the abolition of the hazing and 
fighting system which had long prevailed among the 
midshipmen. A few steps beyond, the road passes a 
towering cross fringed with icicles. This is the Jean- 
nette Monument, erected Oct. 30, 1890, to the mem- 
orv of those who perished in the ill-fated voyage of 
the Jcannettc under Lieutenant-Commander De Long. 

The expedition was fitted out by James Gordon Bennett, 
editor of the New York Tribune. In the summer of 1879 
De Long set out via Behring Strait to explore Wrangell Land, 
which was thought to be part of an Arctic continent lying 
north of Siberia. Unfortunately, the little vessel was caught 
in an ice pack and carried to the northwest of Wrangell Land, 
which was then seen to be only a small island. For two years 
the Jeannette was imprisoned by the ice. Finally, on June 23, 
1881, she was sunk by the pack, leaving her crew on the ice 
floes in the middle of the Arctic Ocean. Then, by means of 
boats and sledges, they worked their way south to the Lena 
Delta. There, in trying to reach land, they were overcome by 
a gale that sank one boat and separated the other two. One 
small party, under Chief-Engineer Melville (now Rear- 



NAVAL CEMETERY 59 

Admiral), made their way to a settlement. The other, under 
De Long, died of starvation before they could get help. 

Early the following spring Melville discovered the bodies of 
De Long and his companions, and erected over them a cairn 
of rocks surmounted by a wooden cross. By act of Congress 
the bodies were afterward brought home, and this memorial 
erected in the Naval Academy Cemetery is a replica of the 
rough monument raised by Melville on the scene of their 
death. 

Farther on to the left of the road may be seen a 
tombstone distinguished b}" a hemisphere of marble, 
marked with parallels and meridians, resting on a 
laurel wreath. This is the grave of Lieutenant Lock- 
wood, U. S. A., a native of Annapolis. He is the only 
army of^cer buried in this cemetery. The fame of 
this young officer rests on his exertions in reaching 
" farthest North '"' during the ill-fated Greely expedi- 
tion. When this memorial was set up, the marble 
hemisphere was marked with a star showing the point 
reached by Lockwood, but the stone has become so 
weatherworn that this has been obliterated. In the 
summer of 1884 Commander Schley came to the 
rescue of the Greely party, but Lockwood had already 
died of starvation and exposure. His farthest north 
was not surpassed till Perry's expedition of 1900. 
Near this grave is that of Lockwood' s father, one of 
the founders of the Naval Academy. 

Following the road to the crest of the knoll, one 
comes upon the grave of Gushing, which is easily 
recognizable, occupying the place of honor. On the 
stone are carved the names of actions with which his 
fame is associated, notably "Albemarle." (For the 
Albemarle story see p. 56.) 

A short distance to the left and rear of Cushing's 
grave is that of Lieutenant Preston, a young officer 



6o ANNAPOLIS AND THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

whose career also was distinguished by personal dar- 
ing. He fell while leading the naval assault on Fort 
Fisher. 

A few steps to the right brings one to a severely 
plain tombstone, bearing the name of Charles W. 
Flusscr. This marks the grave of one of the bravest 
and finest characters in the Civil War, called by those 
who knew him, " Lion-Hearted Flusser." It was 
under Flusser that Cushing had his '' baptism of fire," 
and it was in the first attack of the ram Albemarle 
that Flusser met his death. With characteristic im- 
petuosity he ran his frail wooden boat so close to his 
armored antagonist that fragments of the shell he 
fired with his own hand, bounding back from the 
Albciuarlc's casemate, killed him instantly. Flusser's 
was the first grave in this cemetery. 

In a dip of land beyond, under a grove of firs, are 
several rows of head-stones, all marked " Huron." 
Here are gathered the remains recovered from the 
wreck of the steam sloop of war Huron. 

On the night of November 3, 1877, she put to sea from 
Hampton Roads in a heavy southeast gale. She was an iron 
ship, and it has been suggested that the compass deviation had 
not been correctly ascertained for her. At any rate, her cap- 
tain. Commander Ryan, apparently lost his bearings, for he 
took his vessel too near the coast. She struck on the sands 
of Hatteras the following morning and was completely 
wrecked. Over a hundred were lost, including Commander 
Ryan and six other officers. 

In the front of the Huron group, facing the water, 
is a memorial to two midshipmen, Neuman and Ward, 
who were classmates, roommates, and chums through- 
out the Academy course, and met their death together 
in a turret explosion on board the Missouri in 1904. 



NAVAL HOSPITAL 6l 

The buildings to the north of the Cemetery are the 
Naval Hospital and its outlying quarters for surgeons 
and nurses. The most convenient route for returning 
to town is to retrace one's steps to the Athletic Field 
and thence out of the yard by the Upshur Row gate 
(diagram AA). 



"Wartiour" 

Beautiful Suburban estates 

on tbe ^euern Kiuer 

FIRST shore above Annapolis and the U. S. Naval 
Academy. The Maryland Electric Railways 
(Short Line) passes through this property, with 
a station at the river-shore. Only 43 minutes from 
Baltimore, and two minutes from Annapolis. 

This is a suburban development on w^idely different 
lines from those usually followed in this vicinity; and 
the location is perfect for this character of work. Situ- 
ated as it is — "next door" to the U. S. Naval Academy — 
it has a surety of ever-increasing interest and value. It is 
also only ten minutes drive, or twenty minutes walk, 
from Annapolis. 

The outlook from this water-front is unrivaled. 
The banks of the river here are high, over-looking the 
Naval Academy, the harbor, and across Chesapeake Bay 
to Kent Island. As all of this shore stands out boldly 
into the river, the views looking up the Severn are also 
unusually fine. Every graceful curve, every picturesque 
point, can be seen ; and Round Bay, itself, shows its 
beautiful sweep of curving lines opening out above the 
" Narrows." 

The planning of this suburb is the work of Mr. 
Frederick Law Olmsted, of Olmsted Bros., Boston, the 
leading landscape architect of the country. Each building 
site at Wardour is supplied with water by the latest and 
most approved system. 

FOR INFORMATION APPLY TO 

ROBERT GIDDINGS ALDRIDGE 

CARVEL HALL ANNAPOLIS, MD. 



ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE 



An unbroken history of over 200 YEARS is the proud 
record of ST. JOHN'S 

CLASSICAL, LATIN, SCIENTIFIC, 
SCIENTIFIC AND MECHANICAL 
ENGINEERING COURSES 

MILITARY DEPORTMENT UNDER 
ARMY OFFICER 

Designated by the U. S. Government as one of the six 
leading military colleges where students have shown great 
proficiency in military training. 



This constitutes the Department of Arts and 
Sciences of the University of Maryland. 



Together with the College there is a PREPAR- 
ATORY SCHOOL FOR BOYS, which fits students 
for St. John's, other colleges, and for the Naval 
Academy. Large grounds and modern equipment 
for all college sports. 

For catalogue address the President, THOS. FELL, Ph. D., LL.D. 



ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND 



T] 



LEMMER 

MAKER OF 

MEN'S CLOTHES 

AT MODERATE PRICES 



THE BEST VALUES EOR THE MONEY 

BALTIMORE, 19 E. Fayette St. 

ANNAPOLIS, 25 Maryland Ave. 

R. L. chance: 

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136 MAIN ST. ANNAPOLIS, MI). 

U. S. Navy SEAL PINS. FLAG and ANCHOR PINS, 
NAVY BELT BUCKLES, SOUVENIR SPOONS 

Ask to see the unique Naval Academf Souvenir Spoon of our own design 

W. H. THOMAS & CO. 

CLOTHIERS, HATTERS 
AND FURNISHERS 

READY-TO-WEAR AND MADE-TO-MEASURE 

CLOTHING 

143 MAIN STREET - - ANNAPOLIS, MD. 



Phone 280 HEADQUARTERS FOR THE NAVY 

Carvel Mall 

FIRST CLASS MODERN HOTEL 



A splendid example of the Colonial 
mansion, its character has been 
carefully preserved in the additions 
and restorations which have trans- 
formed it to an up-to-date hotel, 
with electric lights throughout, 
steam heat, and public telephone 
in all private rooms. It is situated 
on the W. B. & A. Electric Line 
and within 100 yards of the Naval 
Academy. Sight-seers for the day 
will find Carvel Hall the most 
convenient and the best place 
for luncheon. ^ ^ 5^ 



Everything the Best at Reasonable Rates. 



^ottl iMarglanb 



GEORGE T. MELVIN, Prop. 



ANNAPOLIS, MD. 




The Hotel Maryland is equipped with all modern 
appointments, comfortable rooms, private baths, 
steam heat, telephone service, newspaper and 
book stand. 

The location is the most elevated and accessible in 
the city, within three minutes walk of the 
Naval Academy. 

The accommodations are in all respects first-class and 
up-to-date, and charges moderate. 

Special rates to Naval Officers, their families, and the 
parents and relatives of midshipmen. 

Electric cars, connecting Baltimore and Washington 
with the U. S. Naval Academy, pass the Hotel 
Maryland every few minutes. 



PHONE CALL 270 OFFICE 159 WEST ST. 

RICHARD G. CHANEY 

THE LEADING 
LIVERY STABLES 



TEAMS of all kinds for hire by day, week, 
or month, including fine saddle horses. 

BAGGAGE TRANSFERRED and checked 
from residence to all points. 

AUTOMOBILES for hire by the hour. 
Note : Our automobiles have the 
necessary official permission to enter 
the Naval Academy Grounds. 

AUTOMOBILE GARAGE for storage. 

Blacksmith and Carriage Repair Shop. 
Fireproof Storage Warehouse. 



SIGHT-SEEING IS TIRESOME AT BEST 
Take one of our automobiles and be comfortable 



DON'T WEAR YOURSELF OUT BY WALKING! 

FOR A GOOD CARRIAGE 'PHONE TO 

THOS. S. DOVE 

TELEPHONE 211 
OFFICE AND STABLES, 89 WEST STREET 

FIRST-CLASS 

SINGLE AND DOUBLE RIGS 

Trusty Horses and Careful Drivers 
GOOD SADDLE HORSES 



Passenger and Baggage 
Transfer 



Gilbert's Pharmacy" 

STATE CIRCLE ca, EAST ST. 



SODA WATER 



Agent For "GUTH'S CHOCOLATES" 

GARDES BROS. 

PHONE 591 Y 163 MAIN STREET 



SPACIOUS anb AIRY DINING ROOMS 

Ice Cream and Confectionery of Our Own 
Make and Absolutely Pure 

LARGE AND WELL EQUIPPED SODA FOUNTAIN 

SPECIAL CATERING SOLICITED 



LEON STRAUSS HARRY STRAUSS 

THE FASHION 

STRAUSS BROS.. PROP. 

TAILORING OF THE BETTER KIND 

227 Prince George St., near Md. Ave. Phone 387 

Our Pressing Department the Best in the City 

FREE CALL AND PROMPT DELIVERY 

Our Delivery Wagon will be at Your Command at all times to call promptly 
The Only One in the City 



Enlarging Our Specialty 



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BALTIMORE 



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Developing' and Printing 



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that's stamped 
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uality. 



PHILIP FILLER ^^-^^^^ 

32-36 Market Space 

Annapolis 



We are agents for 
the well known 
Mark Cross leather 
goods and novel- 
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Md. 



CUSTOM TAILORING 

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H aberdashery 

with all the latest 
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dressers. 



ARTHUR W. ROBSON 
127 E. BALTIMORE ST. BALTIMORE, MD. 

Steamship Tickets on all Trans-Atlantic, Trans-Pacific and Coastwise Lines 
Companies' Advertised Rates Charged. You Do Not Pa.y Anything' For My Services 

TRAVELERS' CHEQUES 

PAYABLE EVERYAVHERE 

Letters of Credit Remittances by Draft or Cable 

FOREIGN MONEY BOUGHT AND SOLD 
Local and Long Distance Telephones St. Paul 2880 



CENTRALLY LOCATED 

OPPOSITE CAMDEN STATION MAIN DEPOT B. & O. R. R. 

EUROPEAN 

130 ROOMS ELEGANTLY FURNISHED 

UNEXCELLED CUISINE 

ROOMS WITH BATH AND EN SUITE 

RATES $1.00 PER DAY AND UPWARDS 
BALTIMORE 



ANNAPOLIS SHORT LINE 

(The Maryland Electric Railways Co.) 




HALF HOURLY SERVICE 

BETWEEN 

ANNAPOLIS AND BALTIMORE 

The ONLY line making the run in FORTY-FIVE MINUTES 

Electric Cars leave Baltimore (CAMDEN STATION) and 
Annapolis (BLADEN STREET STATION) EVERY HALF 
HOUR, on the hour, and thirty minutes after the hour, 
between 6.00 A. M. and 6.00 P. M., then at 7, 8, 9, 10, 
and 11.35 P. M. 

At Annapolis, the ANNAPOLIS SHORT LINE delivers 
passengers, direct to Court House, State House, State 
Buildings and conveniently near all points of interest and 
within five minutes walk of NAVAL ACADEMY. 

SCHEDULE OF CARS THE SAME FOR 
WEEK DAYS, SUNDAYS AND HOLIDAYS 

Fare, Round Trip, $ 1.00 One way 60c. 

For special party and commutation rates apply to General 
Tiaket|and Freight Agent, Annapolis, Md. 



i 



O V 




DOBBS BROS. -r, 

LIBRARY BINDING C^ 

•FEB T3 ^ ^^. 

ST. AUGUSTINE ^'-^ 
/^% FLA. L^° 

W32O84 iK^^° 






A' 








LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




014 365 709 7 \ 



